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Designing the input shaper involves determining the amplitudes and timing of the impulses such that the resulting shaped commands lead to desired levels of vibration reduction.
While feedback techniques have been used for effective reduction of vibrations, there are cases in which we cannot measure appropriate variables and have to use feedforward approach or combination of both techniques.
Designing the input shaper involves determining the amplitudes and timing of the impulses such that the resulting shaped commands lead to desired levels of vibration reduction.
Parameters of the system: m = 10; lmax = 10; r = 2; g = 9.81; Is = [2.5 0 0;0 10 0;0 0 10]; xi = 0.1; Ωx,l=10 = 0.9892; Ωl=5 = 1.3938; Input data for algorithm 1: alfa = 0.45, beta = 0.1, xi = 0.1, omega = 1 Input shaper provided the following result: t1 = 0, t2 = 2.5418, t3 = 5.0836, A1 = 0.3484, A2 = 0.4421, A3 = 0.2095 Amplitude frequency responses of input shaper: left: ( )ωjF right: ( )ωξ jF +Ω− Results of trajectory tracking are shown below.

The final design is confirmed by finite element analysis (FEA), which evaluates each alternative's mechanical performance, manufacturability, with significant weight reduction—up to 35%—while preserving manufacturing viability and structural integrity.
Optimization was used to keep 30% of the original mass, ensuring a balance between weight reduction and performance.
The data points are color-coded and represent different materials, including ABS Plastic, Aluminum alloys (6061 and 7075), Inconel 625, Stainless Steel 316L, Titanium 6Al-4V.
Lightweight materials like ABS Plastic and Aluminum achieve lower masses but often exhibit lower safety factors, making them suitable for applications where weight reduction is prioritized over strength.
By combining generative design with topology optimization, it was possible to balance reliability and volume reduction while customizing design results to meet needs.

The data from XPS analysis of the samples and the standard binding energy data are listed in Table 2.
The standard binding energy data are from the Handbook of the Elements and Native Oxides, XPS International, Inc. 1999.
The fluorescent data of the composite material 34%Ag/x%TiO2/Eu-MCM (x = 16, 29, 43, and 53) listed in Table 3 show that these maximum emission peaks at 469 nm are attributed to the characteristic emission of TiO2, the emission peak at 653 nm is assigned to 5D0→7F4 transition of Eu3+ ion, and the peak at 386 nm is the maximum excited peak.
The photocatalytic data in Table 3 show that the photocatalytic properties of the Ag-loaded composite material are very strong.
Table 3 Data of catalysis and fluorescence of samples Fluorescence Sample Emission wavelength λem/INT（nm） Excitation wavelength λex.

At temperatures higher than 1500 ºC the carbothermal reduction occurs with the consumption of both silica and free carbon phase.
At higher temperatures between 1500-1600ºC the carbothermal reduction starts and silica reacts with carbon like graphite material to produce silicon carbide and gaseous species.
As the temperature has been increased the highly disordered graphite phase becomes ordered, but at the same time the carbothermal reduction starts and partially consumes these ordered domains.
The data show that the β-SiC crystalline size does not vary when the sintering time at 1550ºC is increased from 4 to 16 hours and, in all cases it is close to 2 nm.
We experimentally observe that the O/Si ratio is almost constant and the C/Si decreases due to the carbothermal reduction.

An experimental setup based on wave transmission test is made and the storage and loss moduli of the fluids are found from the measured speed of sound and attenuation data.
Note that these values are much higher in the order of three than the low frequency data found in the literature [3], while the current results exhibit the same trend with those of the reference 4.
These values are also much higher than the low frequency data found in the reference 3, while the current results are comparable to those of the reference 4.
Also the wave reduction of 5% was found from the difference of maximum received signals.
Kim: ER Inserts for Shock Wave Reduction in Warship Structures (Int.

This study aims to evaluate the reduction of sub-surface runoff provided by two GRs in Mediterranean climate conditions.
The study is based on the data retrieved from two of the four green roof compartments.
The soil material is extremely draining and clay-free, with a good resistance to the compaction and volume reduction.
Data Collection.
As expected both roof treatments reduce subsurface runoff compared to the conventional roof treatment, as the data reside below the bisector line.

Using a large subset size to perform the image correlation increases the accuracy of the displacement vector calculated, but decreases the spatial resolution of the data.
A reduction in the mid-range grey levels can also be seen, suggesting that there are fewer speckles within the image.
As the histograms of the airbrush and spray can patterns are nominally the same it is difficult to predict which will perform better from the histogram data.
Figure 7: Standard deviation of strain data at a) 296 pixel/mm b) 705 pixel/mm Analysis of the variation between each of the four specimens used for each pattern type given in Fig. 8a shows little variation between for patterns A1, A2 and B2.
Figure 8: Variation of strain data at a) 296 pixel/mm b) 705 pixel/mm Conclusion The work described in the paper has demonstrated that image processing techniques can be used to evaluate the physical changes of speckle patterns under increasing levels of magnification, and enable the assessment of patterns applied using different techniques.

Data Acquisition.
The moderate-speed data logging system was based on Advantech USB multifunction module.
To simultaneously sample the cylinder pressure and encoder signals, a computer equipped with a high speed ADLINK DAQe-2010 simultaneously sampling data acquisition card which has 14 bits resolution, 2 MS/s of sampling rate and four analog input channels was used.
The acquired data were further processed and analyzed with Matlab software.
Besides, the largest NO reduction was 14.5% for premixed ratio of 0.5 with respect to the conventional diesel combustion.

The data for this Figure was collected by using SciFinder as a database source.
In the following part the various factors will be analyzed, based on the partial data that was gathered so far.
[based on data from ref.[34]]. 3.2.3 Domain size.
The amount of data on the effect of temperature on the efficiency of composite photocatalysts is quite meager.
The experimental data on humidity effects comparing bare titanium dioxide to composite titanium dioxide are not too many.

The corrosion mechanism of the phosphate detection using a cobalt metal may need frequent calibration procedures for accurate data acquisition for the long-term phosphate monitoring.
Their microscale working electrodes result in the final device being comparatively small and that enables the measurement of highly resolved spatial data.
Sensor currents (pA) were acquired and converted to voltages (mV) by a Microsensor Multimeter (Unisense A/S, Denmark) and the data were digitalized by an analogue-to-digital converter.
Then, these data were interpreted using a SensorTrace PRO 2.0 (Unisense A/S, Denmark).
The physical structure of biofilm surface (Fig. 13) showed heterogeneous characteristics of biofilm with average biofilm thickness of 1,300 µm and standard deviation 180 µm (81 data).