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The monolithic design employs a single material and usually used in cold forming.
The Composite B-pillar proposed by [6] is made from layers of composite material thus giving an excellent crashworthiness properties.
The material model used was Thermal Hilltrotopic.
Acknowledgements This research is funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation Malaysia, grant No.
Al-Bahkali, Load Displacement Curves of Spot Welded, Bonded and Welded-bonded Joints of Dissimilar Metals and Thickness, The Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2011) 32-39

Dynamic analysis and design method study on the combined-boom system of portal crane: submitted to Applied Mechanics and Materials (2012)
The dynamic analysis on the truss girder of portal crane: submitted to Advanced Materials Research (2012)
Fatigue life prediction based on finite element and multibody dynamics co2 simulation: submitted to Journal of Zhejiang University ( Engineering Science) (2007)

The main influence factors of SOC estimation include: charge and discharge current, environment temperature and battery SOH, the specific discussion respectively as follow. 2.1 Charge and Discharge Current In the conditions that power battery internal active material keep equal amount, the greater the charge and discharge current, the lower utilization degree of active material, and the smaller of power battery capacity, so the power battery capacity during different current conditions are not consistent with rated capacity.
Using Peukert equation [2, 3] for correction, Peukert equation is as follows: (2) Hereinto, as discharge current (A); as discharge time at current (h); as Peukert constant, relate to the internal structure of battery; as constant, relate to the active material.
Acknowledgements This material is based upon work funded by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LY12F03014.
Journal of Tianjin University, 2007, 40(12)：1453-1457 (In Chinese) [5] LEI Xiao, CHEN Qingquan, LIU Kaipei.

Influence of On-the-machine Laser Hardening on Machinability of Carbon Steel in Turning Takahiko Kusano1, a, Ryutaro Tanaka1, b, Akira Hosokawa1, c Takashi Ueda1, d, Tatsuaki Furumoto 1, e and Younchuan Lin1, f 1 Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan a sakukata518@yahoo.co.jp, b r-tanaka@t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp, c hosokawa@t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp d ueda@kenroku.kanazawa-u.ac.jp, e furumoto@t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp, f linbeicn@yahoo.co.jp Keywords: Turning, Carbon steel, Carbide, Ceramics, Chip controllability, Surface roughness Abstract.
In this case, some problems still remain in degradation of mechanical strength and/or corrosion resistance of materials, deterioration of environment and such additives are often expensive.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 56 (1996) 313-320. 500 600 700 800 900 0 5 10 15 20 Cutting temperture ℃ Surface roughness Rz μ m P30 non-laser hardened P30 laser hardened Cermet non-laser hardened Cermet laser hardened Ceramic non-laser hardened Ceramic laser hardened Cutting conditions V=100, 150, 200, 250m/min d=0.4mm f=0.15mm/rev 500 600 700 800 900 0 5 10 15 20 Cutting temperture ℃ Surface roughness Rz μ m P30 non-laser hardened P30 laser hardened Cermet non-laser hardened Cermet laser hardened Ceramic non-laser hardened Ceramic laser hardened Cutting conditions V=100, 150, 200, 250m/min d=0.4mm f=0.15mm/rev Fig. 7 Influence of cutting temperature on surface roughness 0.5mm 0.2mm Fig. 6 Cross section of chip in turning laser hardened carbon steel AISI 1045 with a carbide tool P30

（5）Good maintenance of turnaround materials can increase service life and times
They are new green wall materials meeting sustainable development’s requirement.
Material’s environmental harmony should be taken into account when choosing interior decoration materials, which make it difficult for interior pollutant to diffuse.
Journal of Southeast University (Philosophy and Social Science). 2009（S1）：131-134（In Chinese） [6] Daozhi Zhao，Leiqiao Tuo.
Journal of Hebei University of Engineering (Social Science). 2007(01) （In Chinese） [7] Xuan Qin，P.X.W.

Several foam-type insulation materials are most commonly used in marine engineering, such as polyurethane foam, polyvinyl chloride (Pvc) foam, epoxy foam, etc[5].
Epoxy foam plastic has the highest compressive strength (7~8Mpa at l00℃) and highest temperature resistence among these three types of insulation materials, so it is very suitable for deepwater insulation.
Since thermal conductivity of epoxy foam is highest among three materials, so it can be concluded that all the three materials can be applied in submarine oil tank insulation in offshore gravity platform.
Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, Vol18/A, p.1-10
Study and developing status of thermal insulation materials in subsea structures[J].

Acknowledgments This work is financially supported by the Scientific and Technical Program of Chongqing Education Committee (KJ100424) and the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science & Technology Commission (CSTC, 2008BB6348) , China.
References [1] Karakan Mehmet, Alsaran Akgün and Çelik, Ayhan: “Effects of Various Gas Mixtures on Plasma Nitriding Behavior of AISI 5140 Steel,” Materials Characterization, 2002, 49(3), p. 241 [2] Mufu Yan, Jihong Yan and T Bell: “Numerical Simulation of Nitrided Layer Growth and Nitrogen Distribution in ε-Fe2-3N, γ'-Fe4N and α-Fe during Pulse Plasma Nitriding of Pure Iron,” Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 2000, 8(4), p. 491 [3] Miola E.J., de Souza S.D. and Olzon-Dionysio M: “Systematic Study on Influence of the Niitriding Parameters on Pure Iron Superficial Layer Properties,” Surface & Coatings Technology; 2003, 167(1), p. 33 [4] Baranowska J., Szczeciński K.
HAN, el al: “Study on Ion Nitriding with Pure Nitrogen Gas under Furnace Shut and N2 Provided Intermittently,” Materials Protection, 2004, 37(2), p. 22 (In Chinese) [6] L.
Journal of Chinese User of the Rigaku X-Ray Diffractometex, 1989(2), p. 97(In Chinese) [9] Y.J.
Chen: “Low Temperature Plasma Chemistry and Application,” Science Press, 2001, 7 (In Chinese)

In order to compare the fatigue performance, fatigue samples extracted from two different carbon steel grade frame rail materials (BSK46 and IS2062) with bolt holes were subjected to tensile fatigue testing and the results are reported.
Material Properties The materials BSK46 and IS2062 chosen for this study are widely used carbon steels in the fabrication of truck frame rails with chemical composition and mechanical properties as shown in table 1.
A servo-hydraulic fatigue testing machine of 100KN loading capacity shown in fig.3 was used to test fatigue specimens of dimensional specification shown in fig.4, obtained from both BSK46 and IS2062 grade steel frame section materials.
References [1] J.Liu, Z.F.Yue, et al: Surface Finish on open holes on fatigue life, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 47 (2007) 35-45 [2] J.Liu, H.L.Xu, et al: Effect of detail design on fatigue performance of fastener hole, Materials and Design 31 (2010) 976-980 [3] GU Weiping, XU Honglu, et al: Effect of Drilling Process on Fatigue Life of Open Holes, Tsinghua Science and Technology ISSNl1007-0214 11/21 Vol 14 (2009) 54-57 [4] J.Liu, J.X.Kang, et al: Prediction of fatigue performance of fastener holes with bolt clamping force based on critical plane approach, Material Science and Engineering A 527 (2010) [5] M.Bernard, T.Bui-Quoc, M.Burlet: Effect of re-cold working on fatigue life enhancement of a fastener hole, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 8 (1995) 765-775 [6] Poussard C, Pavier M.J., Smith D.J.: Analytical and finite element predictions of residual stresses in cold worked fastener holes, Journal of Strain Analysis 30 (1995) 291-304 [7
Poussard, D.J.Smith: A finite element simulation of the cold working process for fastener holes, Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 32 (1997) 287-300 [9] M.J.Pavier, C.G.C.

HC Company is a trade company providing steel material and other related service to vehicle and supporting manufacturers.
HC company purchases raw materials from the raw material suppliers on one hand, on the other hand, suppliers to and the supplier of the “Core Business”, so there is a supply chain network structure with multiple “Core Businesses” including the Supplier (raw material suppliers), the Core Business (HC company and two or more vehicle manufacturers) and customers (shown as Fig 2).
In order to optimize resource allocation and enhance its own value, HC Company undertakes the business of steel coil and cut besides supplying automotive steel to the “Core Businesses” in the Supply Chain for the supporting manufacturers, which cannot or unable to purchase the required raw materials from the steel company directly because of the small production, number of species, and scale production and others.
Journal of Da lian Maritime University, 7(4) (2008), p. 69-72
[12] Michael J.A.Berry,Gordon S.Linoff, in: Mastering Data Mining--The Art and Science of Customer Relationship Management, edited by Yuan wei,Inc.chapter,6,China Financial and Economic Publishing House (2004)

Experimental Study of Interference Factors and Finite element simulation on Oil-Gas Pipeline Magnetic Flux Leakage density Qi Jiang School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China Correspondent-mail: jiangqi@sdu.edu.cn Keywords: pipeline magnetic flux leakage finite element method image Abstract: Some methods of enhancing oil-gas pipeline magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection technique are introduced in the paper.
The influence of benign pipeline artifacts (valves, welds, tees, flanges, etc.), pipe material and pipe wall, vehicle velocity, defect dimensions and interaction among defects, and so on are studied in detail.
The principle advantages of this approach over the magnetic dipole models are that it offers a more accurate representation of defect geometries, and, perhaps more importantly, the ability to simulate the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of pipe materials.
The variation of pipe grade and pipe wall thickness will induce the change of material magnetic conductivity and magnetic intensity, which influence the MFL field of defects.
[3] Sun Xiangjun, Cao Lixin, Liu Fengshan, Feature Matching Based on Corner Affine Invariant,Journal of image and graphics, 2004,9(5):589－593.