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Thus, scale can affect the workpiece by creep phenomena and damage and extensive wear of tool that affects the surface quality of products. [1-2].
Other study was presented the mechanical removal of scale especially in wire rod production. [5] The cold working including annealing condition are important process and also has relatively to scale formation.
The annealing has been the process for recovery the property of metal from cold work.
These factors were tested by pilot study before running the actual experiment.
Meanwhile, the interactions between three factors were found.

The influence of the morphological features of the particles of the initial powder on the grain size and the mechanical properties of the sintered compact is determined.
Therefore, an important factor affecting the emission capacity and durability of the cathode is the properly formed structure of both the surface and the emitter body [7].
It is an important technological characteristic of the powder affecting the structure of the powder compact (Table 1).
Measurement of the mechanical properties of the samples was carried out by two methods: the method of restored imprint and the method of measuring indentation.
Conducting tests by the method of measuring indentation allows obtaining additional information about the mechanical properties of the surface layers of the material.

Combined Application of Three Nondestructive Testing methods in Simulation Test of a Large Concrete-filled Steel Tube Mingru Zhoua, Zhongyu Guob, Qiongfei Shen c and Zhengbo Li d School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China azhoumr@lut.cn,bzhongyu.guo@gmail.com,csfut@163.com,dli34dt@126.com Keywords：CFST, Nondestructive testing, Artificial tapping, Ultrasonic testing, Strain analysis Abstract: Bonding quality is the key factor that affects the safety of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) structure, so it is a very important research that how to judge the bonding quality.
Interfacial debonding conditions often occur between core concrete and steel tube wall due to the concrete material properties and the pouring construction technology, which directly affect the quality and safety of CFST structure [1, 3].
Fig.5a The Layout of concrete strain gauges Fig.5b Concrete casting of field test The strain of concrete have different degrees of decline in the first 24 hours after pouring concrete because of some factors such as gravity, porosity, etc.
Influence of Empty on Mechanical Impact of Single Tube CFST Rib, Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2010 [7] TuGuangYa.
Influence of Empty on Mechanical performances of CFST arch bridge [D].

Additionally, constant research on WPC has significantly improved their mechanical properties, weatherability and processability [2,3].
Verification of this approach was done by characterization of the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the processed bio-WPC.
To investigate the impact of water uptake on the mechanical properties, testing was done on fresh as-molded and conditioned specimens.
The thermo-mechanical properties of the processed bio-WPC were investigated by analysis of the heat distortion temperature.
Gardner, Dynamic mechanical properties of extruded nylon-wood composites, Polym.

The penetration and curing rules of the catalyst in the resined-sand particles are the main factors to determine the shape of the scanning lines.
The surface quality of the sand mould directly affects the surface quality of castings.
To improve the quality of the surface of the sand mould, these factors need to be eliminated or reduced their influence.
The penetration of curing agent in the resined sand is determined by the physical properties of the curing agent and the speed when it reaching the surface of the sand mould.
Effective factors on forming precision in patternless casting manufacturing technique[J].

The startup performance and influence factors of closed-loop PHP had been studied by Wang [2].
The existing qualitative and quantitative studies have indicated that the performance of PHP is expected to be susceptible to many factors.
Although the investigations of single affecting factor develop rapidly, a comprehensive understanding is still lacking.
Research methods that synthesize various affecting factors seem to be promising.
The physical properties of working fluid include liquid density ρl, vapor density ρv, surface tension σ, thermal diffusion a, kinematic viscosity υ, specific heat capacity Cp and latent heat of vaporization hfg.

Especially when restructured bamboo lumber is used outdoors, its properties are affected by humidity and temperature and other climate factors.
Bending properties were tested on universal mechanical machine, span 280mm, block diameter 30mm, and load speed 12mm/s.
Table2 showed that flexural properties decreased after aging in different degrees.
The retention rates of flexural properties were shown in Fig.1.
It illustrated that the flexural properties of control specimens were very well.

The occurrence of efflorescence on the surfaces of AAMs does not compromise their durability or mechanical properties, although considerable amounts may impact their cured characteristics [6].
Factors affecting efflorescence formation include the type of alkali, the selection of raw materials, and the conditions prevailing in the reaction environment [7;8].
Specifically, investigations have highlighted those materials like silica fume, nano-silica, and waste foundry sand exhibit inhibitory properties against efflorescence while concurrently enhancing mechanical strength [6,9, 10].
Effects of type and dosage of alkaline activator and temperature on the properties of alkali-activated slag mixtures. 
Factors affecting the strength of alkali-activated slag. 

Zhao1 1School of Mechanical & Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, China 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, China azhaob@hpu.edu.cn, bxjx@mail.haust.edu.cn Keywords: Surface residual stress, Ultrasonic grinding, Two-dimensional vibration, Composite ceramics Abstract.
Researches showed that the characteristics of residual stress on ceramic surface is affected by grinding load, ultrasonic vibration frequency and released stress induced by generation of cracks whose magnitude is affected by material removal mechanism.
In the paper the influence of TDUVG on ground surface residual stress and plastic processing were researched from different aspects such as grinding modes, grinding conditions, and mechanical properties of ceramic materials.
Effect of Material Properties on Residual Stress.
In fact, the magnitude and characteristics of the surface residual stress are the result of multiple factors.

In this paper, a under-construction suspension bridge with span of 1688m is taken as a case-study, Comparative analyses are performed mainly focusing on basic parameters, carrying efficiency of main cable, static behavior and dynamic properties as different high strength cable are adopted in this suspension bridge.
Where = sectional area of main cable; f = sag of cable; l = span of suspension bridge; = allowable stress of cable materials; = increasing coefficient considering the dead weight of protective layer of main cable, hangers, cable clamp and other factors(=1.1 in this study) ; =unit weight of cable materials; = dead weight of stiffened girder, pavement, auxiliary facilities, etc.; =live load.
Distribution of vertical deflection of under live loads stiffened girder under live loads Analysis on the dynamic properties A comparative analysis on dynamic characteristic of NZCB with two types of main cable was performed by using aforementioned FEM model.
This shows that the girder-dominated vibration mode is less affected by main cable, but the cable-involved vibration mode is affected greatly.
[7] S.J.Sun, Study on mechanical properties of the super-span suspension bridge with CFRP cables, Changan University, Xian, China, 2013, pp. 52-68