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. & Polivka, F.B. (2007) Melt flow velocity in high pressure die casting: its effect on microstructure and mechanical properties in an Al-Si alloy, Materials Science and Technology, vol 23 no7 847-856 [2] Spencer, D.B., Mehrabian, R. & Flemings, M.C. (1972) Rheological behaviour of Sn-15 Pct Pb in the crystallization range, Metallurgical Transactions, vol 3 1925-1932 [3] Flemings, M.C. (1991) Behavior of metal alloys in the semisolid state, Metallurgical Transactions A, vol 22A 957-981 [4] Dahle, A.K. & Arnberg, L. (1997) Development of strength in solidifying aluminium alloys, Acta Mater, vol 45 no2 547-559 [5] Dahle, A.K., Thevik, H.J., Arnberg, L. & St John, D.H. (1999) Modeling the fluid-flowinduced stress and collapse in a dendritic network, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, vol 30B 287-293 [6] Li, T., Lin, X. & Huang, W. (2006) Morphological evolution during solidification under stirring, Acta Materialia, 4815-4824 [7] Hongmin, G., Xiangjie, Y.
& Bin, H. (2008) Low superheat pouring with a shear field in rheocasting of aluminium alloys, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater.
&Flemings, M.C. (2005) Evolution of particle morphology in semisolid processing, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol 36A 2205-2210 [9] Yurko, J.A. & Flemings, M.C. (2002) Rheology and microstructure of semi-solid aluminum alloys compressed in the drop-forge viscometer, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol 33A 2737-2746 [10] Magnesium Pressure Casting.

Decomposition phases react with water vapour and return the thermally damaged material to the HA.
Materials and Methods Synthesis of HA Powder.
Chang, Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on Microstructural Feature and Bonding Strength of Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite on Ti-6Al-4V, Materials Transactions 45 (2004) 2922-2929 [7] L.
Kolodziejski, Complementary information on water and hydroxyl groups in nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatites from TGA, NMR and IR measurements, Journal of Molecular Structure 990 (2011) 263-270 [12] C.
Barroug, Physico-chemical properties of nanocrystalline apatites: Implications for biominerals and biomaterials, Materials Science and Engineering C 27 (2007) 198-205 [13] N.

p-type field effect transistor and UV-photoconductive characteristics of Na doped ZnMgO thin films Ya Xue1,2,a, Haiping He1,2,b and Zhizhen Ye1,2,c 1State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 2Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University a ann2063ann2063@sina.com, b hphe@zju.edu.cn, c yezz@zju.edu.cn Keywords: ZnO based FET; photocurrent; UV illumination; Na doped ZnMgO Abstract.
Introduction ZnO materials are wide band-gap (3.37 eV) semiconductors with peculiar physical properties of chemical stability and large exciton binding energy of 60 meV at room temperature [1,2], which make it a promising candidate for optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes [3,4], ultraviolet laser diodes [5-7], solar cells [8,9] and photodetectors [10,11].
Vol. 75 (1999), p. 811 [15] Ye Zhizhen, Zhang Liqiang, Huang Jingyun, Zhang Yinzhu, Zhu Liping, Lu Bin, et al: Journal of Semiconductors Vol. 30 (2009), 081001 [16] D.

Titanium, cobalt chromium, and other metal alloys, with their favorable structural and anti-corrosion properties, are the core material of most implantable medical devices.
Conclusion and Recommendations In this work, a novel biopolymer coating was synthesized and characterized with a view to developing a bioactive coating for implantable materials.
Lloyd, The effect of phosphorylcholine-coated materials on the inflammatory response and fibrous capsule formation: in vitro and in vivo observations, J.
Griesser, Surfaces that resist bioachesion, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 4(4) (1999) 403-412
Abad, Effects of Irradiation to Morphological, Physicochemical and Biocompatibility Properties of Carrageenan, International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 7(5) (2013) 320-323.

Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher ) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Cements from Biphasic ββββ-Tricalcium Phosphate K.J.
Barralet1 1 Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK; e-mail j.e.barralet@bham.ac.uk 2 Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of W� rzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 3 Smith and Nephew Group Research Center, Heslington Science Park, York, YO10 5DF, UK.
Apatitic cements are used as bone substitute materials because they set and harden at physiological temperature and are osteoconductive [2].
Methods and Materials Cements were formed with non-stoichiometric β-TCP and either 2 M or 3 M phosphoric acid (Sigma, Dorset, UK) /50 mM sodium citrate (Sigma, Dorset, UK) solutions.
Crystal sizes and quantitative phase compositions of materials were calculated by means of total Rietveld refinement analysis with TOPAS software (Bruker AXS, Karlsruhe, Germany).

Hayakawa1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan 2 Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan Keywords: grain size, grain growth, low temperature sintering, sintering aid, CoO dopant.
Final densities were 99% for both materials after this heating cycle.
Density is one of the most important factors in structural materials.
Figure 3 shows SEM micrographs of the microstructure of 3Y-TZP with and without dopant. �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� O QN���QH�% Q1 TGNCVKXG�FGPUKV[��� �;�����͠ �;�����͠ �;�����͠ �;�����͠ �;�����͠ ����� ����� ����� ����� ����� ����� ���� ���� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���� ���� ���� 6GO RGTCVWTG�6�͠ Ǎ.�.Q ���O QN�% Q1 ��; �; realative density, % Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) Figure 4 Grain size distribution of undoped and CoO doped TZP. ��� ��� ��� ��� � ��� ��� ��� ��� � O QN���QH�% Q1 )TCKP�UK\G��F�ǴO �;�����͠ 㧞;�����͠ �;�����͠ �;�����͠ �;�����͠ When sintered at 1350 ͠, undoped specimen had some residual pores, but pores were not observed in any of the doped specimens, as well as undoped specimen sintered at 1450 ͠.
Present work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (2002-2003) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan, and also by a Collaboration Research Grant-2002 of the Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology.

Effect of Waste Edible Animal Oil on Physical Properties of Aged Asphalt SANG Yanga, CHEN Meizhu b, Wen Jin c, LENG Binbin d, WU Shaopeng e State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures (Wuhan University of Technology), Wuhan430070, China asangyang@whut.edu.cn, bchenmzh@whut.edu.cn cwen9888@hotmail.com (Corresponding author) d479325369@qq.com, ewusp@whut.edu.cn Keywords: waste edible animal oil; aged asphalt; physical properties.
Experimental program Materials.
Construction and Building Materials. 21(2007) 958-964
Journal of Hazardous Materials. 233 (2012) 254-258
Shanxi Science & Technology of Communications (in Chinese).01 (2007) 14-16.

Materials and Methods Development of Experimental Apparatus.
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22 (9), (2010) 1381 – 1386
Advanced Materials Research, 845 (2014) 817-823
Advanced Materials Research, 845 (2014) 138-145
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 567 (2014) pp 139-143

In recent years, the smart materials [5] are widely used in different kinds of flexible bending structure, and shape memory alloys (SMAs) are one of them.
Compared with other smart materials, SMAs have many advantages, such as large recoverable deformation, large output force [6], easy to actuate and self-sensing.
(in Chinese) [2] Sung-Weon Yeom and Il-Kwon Oh: Smart Materials And Structures, Vol. 18 (2009) No.8, pp.1-10
Zhang: Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators, Vol. 17 (2004) No.1, pp.164-167.
G: Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 12 (2003) No.5, pp.712-715 [9] Information on http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Muscular_hydrostat

Beng1 1 Materials and Minerals Research Unit, University Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. 2 Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Information Technology University Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. 3Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Energy and Sustainability Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. 4 Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK ansiambun@yahoo.com Keywords: Molten salt, electro-carburisation, quenched, martensite, micro-hardness.
Experimental The experimental procedures were described in details in authors’ journal [6] and described briefly as follows; Na2CO3-NaCl mixture (4:1 mole ratio; ³ 99.0 % purity; Fisher Sci.) were used as electrolyte.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia (Malaysia-Nottingham Doctoral Programme) for scholarship of postdoctoral degree, Materials and Minerals Research Unit, Universiti Malaysia Sabah and G.Z Chen Molten Salt Group in the University of Nottingham.
Raman, Material Processing: Surface Treatment and Case Hardening.
Material Selection and Applications in Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Press, New York, 2007