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In addition to that, the results of XRD characterization of synthesized TiO2 was shown a crystal phase of anatase structure with 18,046 nm crystal size compared to commercial TiO2 with anatase structure and crystal size of 15,554 nm.
The XRD measurement results showed that commercial TiO2 and synthesized TiO2 results were anatase structure which used in DSSC[16].
As a comparison, commercial TiO2 has an anatase structure with a crystal size of 15.554 nm.
Bello, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115-21 (2011) pp.10419-10425
Scherer, Sol-gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol-gel processing.

The main outcome of scaffold-aided tissue regeneration is due to the porosity features of the supporting three-dimensional structure [2][3].
To replace damaged structures, or to improve existing structures by the promotion of new tissue formation, the choice of degradable or partially degradable composite materials which show a wide survey of physical and chemical properties seems to be able to satisfy the heterogeneous demand of tissue engineering application.
c) Meniscus Menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures placed between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau and they play an important role in load transmission, shock absorption, knee stability, and lubrication of the knee joint.
First of all, gelatin chemistry influences the morphology of the fibrous systems by affecting the interaction of the polymer solution with the electric field.
Hence, chemistry, i.e more pronounced hydrophilic behavior – and fibre morphology – i.e, fibres with sub-micrometric size scale –significantly concur to characterize the biological response of PCL/Gelatin membranes PC-12 cell line.

Sensor Electrode and Structure Design Relative to serpentine distribution which is mostly used in micro-hotplate electrode configuration[8], a new electrode configuration is designed for micro-hotplate.
Without lowering heating effect, this kind of electrode structure can reduce the difficulty of the production effectively.
[7] Yoon Jin-Ho, Kim Bum-Joon, and Kim Jung-Sik: Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol.133 (2012), p. 987-991

Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Some Triorganotin Esters of Heteroaromatic Carboxlic Acid and Crystal Structure of Triphenyltin Esters 5-Chloro-6-hydroxynicotinic Acid Hongtao Gao1, a 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Jining 273155, P.R.
Crystallographic Data and Structure Refinement Parameters for 1.
Crystal Structures of 1 An unambiguous assignment of the structure for compound 1 is afforded from single crystal X-ray structural analyses.
Molecular structure of 1.
As can be seen from Figures 1 and 3, the crystal structures of compound 1 possess unequivocally polymeric structures, but the structures differ from compounds [(2-FC6H4CH2)3Sn(O2C3H7)] and [(PhCH2)3Sn(O2CH3)] [16].

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic TiO2 Surface through Sol-gel Process on Stainless Steel Substrate Yawei Hu, Huirong He and Yangmin Ma Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710021, P.
The phase and the crystallographic structure of the TiO2 coating were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the surface topography and structures of the TiO2 coating were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The surface topography and structures of the TiO2 coating were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM).
In other words, the water droplet is suspended on the air pockets trapped in the cavities of roughness structure.
Yang, et al., Preparation and characterization of slice-like Cu2(OH)3NO3 superhydrophobic structure on copper foil, Appl.

ITCF (Institute for Textile Chemistry and Chemical Fibers) [3] have manufactured cellulose fibers by wet spinning process using EMIM acetate (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) as direct solvent.
The rheological behavior of the spinning solution was investigated and the structure and properties of the fiber were studied.
It can be seen that the original bamboo pulp has cellulose I crystal structure as indicated by the typical diffraction peaks at 2q=14.7°, 16.2° and 22.3°.
However, after dissolution and subsequent coagulation, the regenerated Bamboo fiber exhibits the typical diffraction patterns of cellulose II structure.
The regenerated bamboo fiber had cellulose II structure, which had good mechanical properties.

China 2State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Taiyuan, 030001, P.R.
The carbon retains the tubular cell structures.
Moreover, the natural planting possesses some unique features of complex hierarchical cellular structures ranging from micro (cell) to macro scale (skeletons)[2].
The particular structure is incomparable advantage than those of other porous materials, and can’t be duplicated by existing techniques[9].
To retain the porous structure calls for slow heating to 400oC at a rate of 1oC/min followed by maintaining the temperature for 1 h.

The results showed that dendritic structures were readily synthesized when the silver nitrate solution kept stationary.
Because of the symmetry of the structure, the growth of dendritic crystal has been paid much attention [10,11].
It was clearly found that silver particles were composed of many smaller silver structures.
In solution chemistry, ultrasonic wave can accelerate the diffusion of mass in solution, which will affect the synthesis chemistry in solution.
Avnir, Chirality of large random supramolecular structures, Chem.

Effect of Second Complexing Agent of N2H4 on the Optical and Structural Properties of ZnS Thin Films Huan Ke2, Shuwang Duo1,2,a, Tingzhi Liu2,b, Hao Zhang2, Xiaoyan Fei2 1 High Level Engineering Research Center of Biopharmaceutical Molecules and Diagnostic Apparatuses, Jiangxi Provincial Colleges and Universities, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China 2 Jiangxi Key laboratory of Surface Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China aswduo@126.com, b tingzhi2004@aliyun.com Keywords: ZnS films; complexing agent; optical properties; structure; CBD.
When using N2H4 as second complexing agent, the crystallinity of ZnS thin films improved with a significant peak at 2θ=28.96° which can be assigned to the (111) reflection of the sphalerite structure.
As is showed in Fig.4, the prepared thin films from solution B (without N2H4) showed no significant peaks of ZnS, while the prepared thin films from solution A (with 21mL N2H4 adding in) have one significant peak at 2θ=28.96° which can be assigned to the (111) reflection of the sphalerite structure.
The prepared thin films from the solution without N2H4 showed no obvious peaks of ZnS which indicated they were amorphous, while he prepared thin films from the solution with 21mL N2H4 adding in exhibited one significant peak at about 2θ=28.96° which can be assigned to the (111) reflection of the sphalerite structure.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 2012, 73, 573.

Fabrication of Monodispersed 1D Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials by a Simple Organic Chemical Solution route Xiao-Li Zhang and Young Soo Kang* Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeon-3-dong, Namgu, Busan, 608-737, Korea yskang@pknu.ac.kr Keywords: Single crystalline, 1D zinc oxide nanomaterials, Solution route Abstract.
The structure and characteristic of the as-obtained ZnO nanostructures were confirmed by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, and EDX.
Result and discussion The typical X-ray diffraction pattern (Fig. 1) shows a high degree of crystallinity, and all of the peaks match well with Bragg reflections of the standard wurtzite (hexagonal) structure (P63mc, a = 3.25 Å, c = 5.21 Å, JCPDS # 36-1451), which is consistent with those of bulk ZnO.
The nature of crystal structure of the ZnO nanowires and the growth orientation were further confirmed by high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images and the corresponding selected-area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) as shown in Fig. 3.
The structural characterization using X-ray differection and transmission electron miscroscopy revealed that the ZnO nanobelts possess wurtzite structure with c-axis growth orientation.