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Effect of the Adjuvants on the Properties of Superfine SnO2 Powders Jieguang Song1,a, Cailiang Pang2, Yue Liu2, Jia Zhang2, Lin Chen2, Long He1, Chaoshi Liu1, Songlin Guo 1,b, Yuening Qin3,c 1Engineering & Technology Research Center for Environmental Protection Materials and Equipment of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055 China; 2Key Laboratory for Industrial Ceramics of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055 China 3Xiangsihu College of Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008 China asongjieguang@163.com, bgsl1972@163.com c274023049 @qq.com Keywords: Nano powder; adjuvant; SnO2 powder; hydrothermal method.
According to the study, SnO2 surface activity is higher, the specific surface area is larger; in addition SnO2 structure is more special, with good adsorption [1-3].
With the superfine material, the surface electronic structure and crystal structure have changed, resulting in the block material does not have the surface effect, small size effect, quantum effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, so that ultrafine powder and conventional particle material has a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, ultrafine powder has many unique properties, mainly as follows, the specific surface area, low melting point, magnetic strong, good activity, good light absorption, good thermal conductivity.

Preparation and Properties of YAG Porous Ceramics via the Casting Method Yue Liu1, Yan Yang1, Wang Chen2, Jieguang Song1a, Long He1, Jinshi Li1, Lin Chen1, Songlin Guo2b, Yuening Qin3c 1Key Laboratory for Industrial Ceramics of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055 China 2Engineering & Technology Research Center for Environmental Protection Materials and Equipment of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055 China 3Xiangsihu College of Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008 China asjg825@163.com, bgsl1972@163.com, c274023049@qq.com Keywords: Composite powder; Ball milling process; Pinned effect; Al2O3-Al cermet.
And polycrystalline conversion properties, it is a complex oxide formed by the reaction of Y2O3 and Al2O3, belongs to a cubic crystal system, with a garnet structure.
Porous gradient ceramics are ceramics whose porosity or pore size or pore size structure changes regularly with sample size, have high filtration, large gas permeability, and good backwashing effect.
The gradient of the blowing agent content and the duration of the holding time were used to study how to control the pore structure of the YAG porous material.

Preparation of Zeolite Nanocrystals via Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis Using of Rice Husk Ash and Metakaolin Naruemon Setthaya1,a, Prinya Chindaprasirt2,b and Kedsarin Pimraksa1,c * 1 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand 2 Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Faculty of Engineering, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand anaruemon_se@hotmail.com, bprinya@kku.ac.th, ckedsarin.p@cmu.ac.th Keywords: zeolite nanocrystals, hydrothermal, solvothermal, rice husk ash, metakaolin Abstract.
Introduction Zeolites are crystalline hydrated aluminosilicate structure with a 3-dimensional framework consisting of oxygen-sharing TO4 tetrahedra, where T is Si or Al.
Their framework structures contain interconnected voids filled with cations or adsorbed molecules.
Since stirring prior to crystallization enhanced the number of nuclei and reduced the size aggregates formed during the structure rearrangement [7,8].
Dougherty, Modern Physical Organic Chemistry: Solutions and non-covalent binding forces.

Comparison of Properties of CeO2 Doped ZrO2 Samples Prepared by Conventional Sintering and by SPS Marek Vojtko1,a*, Peter Tatarko2,b and Viktor Puchý1,c 1Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, Košice, Slovak Republic 2Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 36 Bratislava 45, Slovak Republic a*mvojtko@saske.sk, bpeter.tatarko@savba.sk, cvpuchy@saske.sk Keywords: CeO2-Doped ZrO2, Sintering, SPS, Grain Size, Fracture, Hardness.
At temperature 1600 °C, the single-phase structure decomposed into two structural components, one rich in Zr and the other rich in Ce, as presented in Fig. 1d and 2.
The exception was observed in sample N, where there was an increase in hardness with increasing load, which could be caused by the two-phase structure.
Summary Both methods, conventional sintering and SPS, can be used to prepare a sample (ZrO2 doped with CeO2) with a suitable grain size and structure for further investigation of the shape memory phenomenon.
Garvie, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 69, 4 (1965) 1238-1243

X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained on X’pert pro MPD X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan) using Cu Kа irradiation at a scan rate (2θ) of 0.00167°S-1 and used to determine the phase structures of the obtained samples and their crystalline size.
According to the formation mechanism of carbon spheres proposed by Sevilla etc [14], the carbon spheres possess a core–shell structure consisting of a highly aromatic nucleus and a hydrophilic shell containing a high concentration of reactive oxygen functional groups (i.e. hydroxyl, carbonyl, or carboxylic) as shown in Fig2.
Fig. 2 The core-shell structure of the carbon spheres consisting of a highly aromatic nucleus and a hydrophilic shell distributing with reactive oxygen functional groups The formation of the carbon spheres takes place according to a nucleation-growth mechanism following the LaMer model.
B.Fuertes: Chemistry-A European Journal Vol.15(2009), P.4195-4203
[15] F.Z.Kong: Sugar Chemistry (Science Press Publication, Beijing, 2005) .

Since the oxygen in triplet state is the reactive and abundant species in the atmosphere, the 1CHCl + 3O2 reaction plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry.
The optimized geometric structures and vibrational frequencies for all stationary points are obtained using the DFT method at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) theory level.
Optimized geometric structures of all the species (the reactants, intermediates, transition states and products) involved in the 1CHCl + 3O2 reaction.
The structures of IM3B and IM3A are similar.
Conclusions By the quantum chemistry calculation study, it is found that the 1CHCl + 3O2 reaction undergoes a barrierless association to form the first planar peroxides HClCOO, which is followed by the processes of isomerizations and breakages of bonds, and finally producing products.

Preparation and characterization of antimicrobial PES ultra-filtration membrane modified with capsaicin Hanmin Wang, Xueli Gao*, Baowei Su, Congjie Gao College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China Songling road 238, Qingdao, P R China, 266100 gxl_ouc@126.com Keywords: Polyethersulfone, Ultra-filtration membrane, Capsaicin, Antimicrobial Abstract.
Professor Yu’s research team from Ocean University of China had synthesised many kinds of capsaicin functional monomer with antibacterial structure, whose application in the field of marine antifouling had been fruitful [3, 4].
Capsaicin monomer named MBHBA, which molecular structure was shown in Fig. 1, was provided by Prof.
Fig. 1 Molecular Structure of MBHBA Membrane Preparation.
Chinese Journal of Appued Chemistry.

It has been reported that the A position cationic in the pervoskite-type structure of ABO3 , i.e., Ba2+ ions in BaTiO3 , can be replaced by M2+ ions in molten MCl2 (M = Ca, Sr, Cd, Mn, Cr, Co, Zn, or Ni) below 1000°C. [7] And here ZnCl2 was selected because of its low melting point, 283°C, to react with CCTO powders prepared by solid state reaction.
The calcined CaCu3Ti4O12 powder had a cubic structure, confirmed by XRD, at room temperature.
The micro-structure evolution was studied using SEM (Philips XL30, Holland).
Duan, et al., High dielectric constant in ACu(3)Ti(4)O(12) and ACu(3)Ti(3)FeO(12) phases, Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 151 (2000) 323-25
Durand, et al., Grain growth-controlled giant permittivity in soft chemistry CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics, J.

This is an indication that the polymer was able to enter between the clay platelets resulting in possible exfoliated or disordered intercalated nanocomposite structure.
Yeh, J.M., and Chang, K.C., Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites anticorrosive coatings, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 14 (2008): 275-291
Mehta., Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites:Processing, Structure and Hygrothermal Effects on Mechanical Properties, Procedia Chemistry 4 ( 2012 ): 39 – 46 [7].
Haque, A., Shamsuzzoha, M., Hussain, F., and Dean, D., S2-Glass/Epoxy polymer nanocomposites: Manufacturing, structures, thermal and mechanical properties, Journal of Composite Materials, 37 (2003): 1821-1837

Activated carbon has great adsorption performance because it has special surface structure characteristics and surface chemistry characteristics [4].
GAC and 0.03K-GAC are amplified 2500 times in the hitachi S-3400 scanning electron microscope to observe the structures of activated carbon before and after modification, results can be seen in Fig.3 (a) and (b).
[3] D.L.Gao: Chemical industry and Engineering: Activated carbon’s pore structure and adsorption properties Vol.7 (1990), p. 48-54, In Chinese
[13] Y.Z.Fan, B.Z.Wang and L.Wang: Environmental chemistry Vol.20 (2001), p. 444-448, In Chinese.