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CT-data were elaborated with IMPact-HIP Software (Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg).
Comparisons of paired data with not normally distributed differences were made using the Wilcoxon-signed-rank test.
The method used in the present study allows an accurate analysis of the bone structures with a consistent reduction of soft tissue and metal artefacts [3].
In accordance with Wolff's Law, the reduction of stresses relative to the natural situation causes bone to adapt itself by reducing its mass.

The lasing peak of bandgap tuned laser agrees well with the PL data of intermixed QW samples.
Similar to InGaAs/InGaAsP QWs, the reduction of Jth in DWELL is also notable for the intermixed device [6].
The amount of blue-shifts in laser wavelength peak is consistent with the blue-shift obtained from PL data earlier.
Band gap tuned QW and DWELL lasers were fabricated with significant Jth reduction and up to 127 nm wavelength blueshift.

Measuring and Data Processing Inoceans,rivers and lakes,Multi-beam bathymetry system is widely used in surveying and mapping.
It not only realizesthe measuring data automation and rendering underwater color measurement real-time,but alsoprovides intuitive measured underwater form byusing the multi-beam acoustic signal[4].Under this background,it is particularly important to monitor and manage the Yangtze Riverdigitally.Multi-beam measurements use the PDS2000 measurement software,whichcollects DGPS position data synchronously,water depth data,attitude compensation data and gyrocompass data[5].In order to improve the accuracy of the depthdata,it is necessary to eliminate the falseinformation and to put the information of tidal levelinto the CARIS software which can correctthe water level of the depth dataautomatically[6].
Data preprocessing and Mapping are believed to compose the data processing[7].Preprocessing includesnot only positioning data processing,sound velocity profile data processing,tidal level data processing,attitude data processing and depth of data processing but alsothe data editing,noise removal and merging whichis completed mainly by CARIS software.Mappingis the management of gridding the depth data obtained after preprocessing which generates digital terrain models (DTM) and theunderwatermap.It is mainly done by specialized mapping software Terrain model[8].The detailed flow is shown in Fig.3.
[3] Demkowicz.HierarchicalSpline Technique Application For Real Time 3D Displaying of Seafloor Using MultibeamSonar Data[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2008, 123:3626
[4] LanSun,Yan-chun Liu and Ming-sanLi.Technique on BuildingDEM of Bathymetry Using Multi-beam Data[J].Journal ofHydrographic Surveying and Charting,2009,29 (1):39-41

A stable Ag NPs suspension was synthesized via the reduction of silver nitrate using sodium citrate.
Therefore, great efforts have been contributed to studying methods for the preparation of Ag NPs, including chemical reduction [4], thermal decomposition [5], and laser ablation [6].
Chemical reduction is the most frequently approach to synthesis Ag NPs using sodium borohydride or citrate as reducing and protecting agents, because it is relatively simple and efficient.
Further treatment with APTES and AEAPTES results in sharp increase in the data 52.2±0.5 °and 42.37±1.0 °, respectively, indicating that the wettability of the surfaces have changed.

Ultrasonic attenuation coefficient was found to have a linear correlation with the hardness, and suggested accordingly as a potential nondestructive evaluation parameter for assessing the mechanical strength reduction of the isothermally degraded 2.25Cr-1Mo steel.
However, this steel is known to be subject to thermal degradation after long exposure to high temperatures, which causes strength reduction due to coarsening of carbides, precipitation of stable ones and/or softening of matrix [1,2].
The ultrasonic measurement system used in this experiment consisted of a pulser/receiver (Panametric 5601A/TT) for pulsating high frequency wave, a digital storage oscilloscope (Lecroy 9310) for analog/digital convert, three piezoelectric longitudinal broad band probe (Panametrics) with each center frequency of 5, 10 and 35 MHz, a immersion tank with a unit of parallelismadjustment and a personal computer with a commercial software for data acquisition and signal processing. 100-times averaged pulse echo signal received in time domain was fast Fourier transformed to obtain a frequency spectrum, from which attenuation coefficients at various frequency components were determined.
The reduction in hardness with increasing thermal degradation time is roughly attributed to the coarsening of carbides, although other microstructural factor such as depletion of solution hardening elements also plays some role [8].

Flow characteristics of new steel grades dedicated to hot stamping Stefania Bruschi1, a, Andrea Ghiotti1,b and Michele Novella1,c 1DII, University of Padua, via Venezia 1, 35131, Padova, Italy astefania.bruschi@unipd.it, bandrea.ghiotti@unipd.it, cmichele.novella@studenti.unipd.it Keywords: sheet metal forming, hot stamping, formability The reduction of the maximum heating temperature is one of the main goals in the research activities dedicated to hot stamping, to reduce energy consumption and decrease die wear.
Merklein and Lechler determined the influence of temperature and strain rate under process-relevant conditions [4] and the dependency of plastic anisotropy from temperature [5], while many semi-empirical models for the flow stress have been proposed and fitted to the experimental data [6, 7].
Material The first objective of the research consisted in developing new steel grades that could allow a reduction of the process temperatures without affecting significantly their mechanical properties and their formability compared to the commercial Usibor1500P™.
The tensile tests load-displacement curves, provided by the data acquisition system, can be used to assess the point in which plastic instability occurs that corresponds to the point in which the maximum load is recorded.

It was established that with the increase of the electric strength of a gas the wire acquires more energy, enabling the reduction of a particle average size.
In order to make the data processing and the results discussion more convenient, the specific energy injected into the exploding wire and the specific energy evolved at arc discharge phase was presented as dimensionless groups - е/еs and еd/еs, where еs is iron sublimation energy (55.6 J/mm3).
The data received using transmission electron microscope showed that all the obtained particles has a spherical form (Figs. 2a and 2b), and the mean size of particles obtained in Ar is twice as big as that of particles obtained in CO and CO2.
The rate of nanopowder oxidation during heating in air increases with the reduction of particle size of the oxidated powder and preservation of metal iron quantity in it.

The positive effect of thermo-temporal treatment on the structure of materials was confirmed on example of in-situ composites of Al-Mg2Si system, it includes reduction in the average size of endogenous reinforcing phases and changing their morphology to a more compact.
Application of Physical Melt Processing Methods at Production of Aluminum Matrix Composites According to the results of analysis and generalization of the data of works [17-20] in Table 1 the methods of physical effects, tested to date in the production of cast metal matrix composites based on aluminum alloys, are systematized.
Summary The available data indicate that physical methods of melts treatment are an effective means of controlling the structure of alloys to achieve a required quality of cast billets and have significant prospects for industrial use not only in the production of standard alloys but also cast metal matrix composites.
The positive effect of thermo-temporal treatment on the structure of materials was confirmed on example of in-situ composites of Al-Mg2Si system, includes reduction in the average size of endogenous reinforcing phases and changing their morphology to a more compact.

The present study was directed to the use of conditioned piezoelectric sensors along with low cost commercial off-the shelf data acquisition system to implement a reliable impact localization method.
Data acquisition was performed with a simple low cost bus-powered USB data acquisition device, which could promptly be connected to a laptop and provide measurements.
Sensor wiring was extended with the help of connector joints, allowing for fast change of cabling between sensors and data acquisition device.
The moment of impact calculated using each sensor’s data must be equal, which motivates the use of the error function (E) given by Eq. 2
Jata: Point of impact prediction in isotropic and anisotropic plates from the acoustic emission data.

signal collecting Remote Monitoring Unit signal processing sensor self-diagnostic tools data classification Data Storage Unit Graphical User Interface PZT network measuring nodes Figure 1: System block diagram.
The methods differs in the choice of the data separation measure, which is to be maximized.
The best Fisher’s predictor (Eq. 3) or their effective counterparts (Eq. 5) can be used for data classification.
The data before (left) and after filtering (right)
Figure 6: The best data separating Fisher’s predictors (left) and corresponding nearest neighbor classifier (right).