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The initial materials are usually of the same type or small in number, which are simple and easy to synthesize.
Outstanding properties of carbon materials serve as good take-off for nano-engineering.
Living tissues can be thought of as active materials.
It is probable that development of simple active materials, which can change only one or two of their properties, will be the first step in making artificial active materials.
But later on, by means of nanorobots active materials capable of complex adaptation will be constructed.

The base sheet materials used are deep drawing quality steel and SS 316L sheets, and two part epoxy adhesive is used for bonding the base sheet materials.
The thickness of base materials is 0.6 mm each.
Engineering Materials and Tech. 116 (1994) 533 – 538
Materials Forming, 5 (2012) 243–257
Engineering Materials and Tech. 132 (2010) 031004-1 – 031004-11

Natural gas hydrates are ice-like materials which exist in permafrost regions and in the continental margins of oceans.
These hydrates are ice-like materials found in permafrost regions and certain continental margins of oceans (including offshore Nigeria) in which enormous quantities of natural gas molecules are trapped within cage structures of water molecules [3 - 5].
Sloan, Natural gas hydrates: recent advances and challenges in energy and environmental applications, AIChE Journal 53 (2007) 1636 – 1643
Cameron, The nature of gas hydrates on the Nigerian continental slope, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Third International Conference on Gas Hydrates, Park City, Utah, July 18-22, 1999

Key Lab of Poyang Lake Ecology and Bioresource Utilization, Ministry of Education, department of environmental science and engineering, Nanchang University.
Research Institute of Energy Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China.
Material and method Laboratory experimental system As shown in Fig.1, IOC reactor was an anaerobic sludge bed reactor constructed in the form of tall cylindrical vessels with a working volume 145 L (diameter 320 mm, height 3800mm).
Water Science and Technology (1994),Vol.30( 8), p.9-21
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Sep (2009), Vol.7. 169 (1), p.113-118

For the evaluation of moisture susceptibility, the results of the HWTD tests showed that mixes produced using siliceous materials without any additive would exhibit stripping problem.
These three mixes were assumed as viscoelastic materials.
Acknowledgment The partial support of the National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan, ROC under contract No.
McGennis, Volumetric and mechanical performance properties of the Superpave mixtures, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE 12 (2000) 238-244
Romero, Specification parameter for asphalt mixtures using frequency sweep data from the Superpave shear tester, Road Materials and Pavement Design 1 (2000) 75-96.

One of the possible causes of this effect may be a decrease in oxygen diffusion coefficient in such materials.
Coutinho, P.R.Briddon, M.Barroso: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids Vol. 352 (2006) p. 1279 [10] H.
Korlyakov: Inorganic Materials: 27, (1991) p. 1333 [17] V.M.
Tucker: Materials Science Forum Vol. 10-12 (1986) p. 887 [21] M.
Larsen: Materials Science Forum Vol. 258-263 (1997) p. 83

Cast iron and forging and steel is solid materials.
The iron core which is overlaid by the silicon steel is different from the solid materials.
Considering the overlying, the material density of the steel corn was taken for KFe*ρFe, where the KFe is the overlying coefficient, and ρFe is the plate material density.
References [1]Xinhua Zhang, Analysis of motor vibration causes and preventive measures, SCIENCE& TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION, 16(2008)418
[2] Mo Yueping, Hu Minqiang, Jin Long and Duan Xiaohui, JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY(Natural Science Edition), 37[1](2007)56-59

Local Residual Stress Depth Distribution in the Inner Gearing of a Case Hardened Sliding Collar Jens Gibmeier1, Joana Rebelo-Kornmeier2, Tobias Strauss1 1Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-WK), Kaiserstr. 12, D76131 Karlsruhe, Germany 2Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D85747 Garching, Germany Keywords: residual stress, neutron diffraction, case hardening, complex geometry, synchrotron Abstract.
When machining material, residual stresses and work hardening are generated in the component’s surface layer due to material shearing, friction and temperature development [2-4].
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 51 (2011), p. 331-338 [4] J.
Neutron Res. 3 (1995), p. 223–240 [6] Hofmann M, Schneider R, Seidl G A, Kornmeier J, Wimpory R, Garbe U and Brokmeier H G, The new materials science diffractometer STRESS-SPEC at FRM-II, Physica B 385–368 (2006), p. 1035–1037 [7] J.
Wagener, The materials science synchrotron beamline EDDI for energy-dispersive diffraction analysis, Nucl.

Modification of Drug Release Profiles of Poly(L-lactide) using Palmitic Acid Bramasta Nugraha1,a, L.P.Tan1,b 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 a g0701753@nus.edu.sg, b lptan@ntu.edu.sg Keywords: Biodegradation, drug release, palmitic acid, poly(L-lactide) (PLLA).
Experimental Method Materials and Sample preparation.
Polymer granules and pre-milled drug powders were stirred in DCM until all materials have completely dissolved.
Cameron: International Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol. 282 (2004), p. 19-34
Biomedical Materials Research Vol. 34 (1997), p.531 - 538.

As a complex structure system, civil structure is composed of a variety of materials and different structures.
Conversely, if the first stage of damage identification is that the damage substructure with the same system material characteristics and consistent parts of dynamic characteristics is identified and the second stage of damage identification is that damage location in substructure is identified, it will reduce the modified parameters, release the burden of damage identification network, and make the damage identification more rapidly and more accurately.The benchmark structure is divided to three substructures such as brace, column and beam.
Acknowledgment The financial support from National Science Fund China under Grant No. 51008148 is greatly acknowledged.
Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002.22(3):82-90
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS, 2004, 130(1): 3-15