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Low consumption, economical and environment friendliness have been few of the prime aims acting as the driving force of these innovations.
Not only that, SnO2 compounds have been stated to inhibit the surface dissolution of Mg alloy [15].
If Sn content reaches 1.4% by weight, however, the intermetallic compound Mg2Sn will start to precipitate.
Kulekci, “Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 39, no. 9–10, pp. 851–865, Nov. 2008, doi: 10.1007/s00170-007-1279-2
Guo, “Effect of Sn addition on the mechanical properties and bio-corrosion behavior of cytocompatible Mg–4Zn based alloys,” Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 15–26, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jma.2019.02.002.

Alloys of iron contribute to the increase in the surface of the product, which shortens the duration of the subsequent leaching process with sulfuric acid (the process can be carried out simultaneously with neutralization).
However, it must be keep in mind that iron alloys with a high silicon content do not dissolve in acids, which makes processing of the concentrate difficult.
Hoffmann, Recovering Platinum-Group Metals from Auto Catalysts, Journal of metals. (1988) 40-44
Fainer, Phase composition of thin silicon carbonitride films by means of plazma endensive chemical vapor deposition using organosilicon compounds, Journal of Structural Chemistry. 56 (2015) 163-174
Lybacki, Induction-plasma melting of cast iron, Czechoslovak Journal of Physics. (2004) 1022-1026.

However, over 573K, it decreased abruptly since the thick and brittle intermetallic compounds of larger than 3µm were formed.
Especially, the bus-bar copper alloy used for electric and electrode materials application is difficult to be handled due to its heavy weight.
Thus, this study was aimed to find the optimum extrusion conditions such as extrusion temperature and extrusion ratio of the indirect extrusion substituting for the conventional hydrostatic pressure extrusion.
It is due to the formation the thick and brittle intermetallic compounds.
This has good electrical conductivity rather than wrought aluminum alloy.

In particular, the usage of titanium alloys for manufacturing components of gas turbine engines is being increased more and more nowadays.
Currently, there are several papers regarding layer-by-layer laser synthesis of parts from titanium-based alloys powders.
For example, references [3-7] describe the use of different titanium-based alloys in SLM-process.
Heat treatment of Ti6Al4V produced by Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure and mechanical properties //Journal of Alloys and Compounds. – 2012. – Т. 541. – С. 177-185
Ductility of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by selective laser melting of prealloyed powders //Rapid Prototyping Journal. – 2010. – Т. 16. – №. 6. – С. 450-459

The synthesis aims to determine the characteristics of the electrical properties of the Reflection Loss sample of BaFe12-xMnxNixO19 doped with Mn-Ni metal.
This measurement aims to determine the microwave absorption ability of each sample doped with Mn-Ni material.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1120, 012002, 1-8 (2018)
Series:Journal of Physics: Conf.
Jadhav, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509(12), 4394-4398 (2011)

This invention compounds laser and non-melting electrode and adds wire.
Fig. 2 A laser-arc compounding narrow-gap precision welding method [17] Fig. 3 A narrow-gap laser-arc compounding welding method of using filler wire [18] TIG welding with controlled magnetic arc In 1962, Brown studied the influence of electromagnetic stirring on welding stainless steel, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy and found the phenomenon of grain refinement [20].
[19] Cook.G.E, Levick.P.C. : Welding Journal, Vol. 64 (1985) p.27-31
[20] Brown D C et al.: Welding Journal, Vol.41 (1962) p.241-250
[21] Tseng C F, Savage W F.: Welding Journal, Vol. 50 (1971) p.777-785

The aim of our work is to tune the magnetic properties of γ-Fe2O3 by the use of mechanical alloying of a mixture of γ-Fe2O3 and CoO powders followed by annealing at 900°C for one hour.
International Journal of Hyperthermia. 9 (1993) 51-68
Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 607 (2014) 125–131 [8] P.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 509 (2011) 393–396
Journal of Materials Science. 42(2007) 2126-2131 [14] R.

The aim of chemical etching is removing the burr, which arises during the laser cutting.
O’Brien et al. make comprehensive experiments with niobium-based alloys.
They have established laser processing did not induce any intermetallic compound formation such as Ti2Ni, Ni4Ti3, and Ni3Ti [7].
The compound of acids was attenuated with distilled water (50 ml etching pickle added to 150 ml distilled water).
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials I 2008; 303–312 [6] R Pfeifer, D Herzog, M Hustedt et al.: Pulsed Nd:YAG laser cutting of NiTi shape memory alloys-Influence of process parameters.

The aim of this study was to synthesize a hardened layer on pure grade-2 Ti by nitriding in the furnace.
From the XRD results, it can be seen that as the processing temperature increased, the kinds of compounds on the surface of the specimen is increased gradually.
Malinov: Enhancing the microstructure and properties of titanium alloys through nitriding and other surface engineering methods, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 200 (2005) p. 2192-2207
Neumann: Landolt Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Sciences and Technology, Diffusion in Solid Metals and Alloys, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol. 26 (1990) p. 476
Jr: Elastic constants of rutile (TiO2), Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 66 (1962) 465-471

In the rare earth ion-doped phosphors, the Pr3+ has been used with the aim of engineering the 1D2 to 3HJ transition for emission as this transition energy corresponds to red.
Buddhudu, Photoluminescence properties of Eu3+:MgAl2O4 powder phosphor, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009, 474:565
Chander, Broad yellow orange emission from SrAl2O4:Pr3+ phosphor with blue excitation for application to white LEDs, Journal of Luminescence, 2009, 12:114
Wang at al, Blue excited photoluminescence of Pr doped CaBi2Ta2O9 based ferroelectrics, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2012, 511: 159
Yang at al,Synthesis and characterization of new red phosphors for white LED applications, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2009,199:3771