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Chemistry, JST-CREST 464-8603 Nagoya, Japan 2 Anna University, Dept. of Chem.
Fig. 3 TEM-observations of the prefired miro- Fig. 4 TEM observation of the calcined (900 o C) structure, a-c) 380 o C d) 400o C; the diffraction powder a) TEM, b) HRTEM, c) ED indicated as pattern correspond to c) gibbsite and brucite, spinel according to the image simulations d).
MD simulations showed [14], that at particles below 5 nm surface relaxations lead to a tremendous increase of the enthalpy and this increase is different for each of the phases alumina, magnesia and spinel, in particular, magnesia with its strong ionic bonding character shows a relatively low increase, while spinel has the steepest increase, indicating that high symmetric crystal structures with high coordination number and few atoms per unit cell are more stable than those with less number of bonds or high probability for stoichiometric vacancy defects.
Kappl, Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces (Wiley-Vch, Germany) 2003 [2] J.A.

The reason of this trend may be that the overwhelming modificaiton time change the structure of protein which decrease the oil extraction rate.
Food Chemistry. 1997, 60(4): 513- 520 [10] G.H.
Effects of Modification on Functionalities and Structure of Corn Gluten Protein(II)Acylation.
Food Chemistry, 2009, 114(1): 127- 131 [14] M.

The failure mechanism and deformation characteristic of ice plays an important role in design of structures on ice engineering construction and frozen soil engineering involving the ice-rich frozen soil.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 102 (1998), p. 376-381
Journal of Physical Chemistry Vol. 87(1983), p. 4064-4066
IUTAM Symposium on Creep in Structures.

Hydrophobicity Enhancement of the Polyvinyl Alcohol / Rice Starch / Silk Fibroin Films by Glycerol Pusita Kuchaiyaphum1, a, Takeshi Yamauchi2, b, Ruangsri Watanesk1, c and Surasak Watanesk1, d* 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 2 Institute of Science and Technology, Materials Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University 950-2181, Japan aeye_chem405@hotmail.com, byamauchi@gs.niigata-u.ac.jp, cruangsri@gmail.com, d*swatanes@gmail.com Keywords: polyvinyl alcohol, rice starch, silk fibroin, glycerol, hydrophobicity, biodegradable films Abstract.
Films made from SF are soluble in water due to the existence of dominating random coil structures.
Acknowledgements Financial support from the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Office of the Higher Education Commission (OHEC), Ministry of Education, Thailand, is gratefully acknowledged.
Yamada, Effect of glycerin on structure transition of PVA/SF blends, J.

Gas-sensing Properties of Pt-V2O5 Thin films for Ethanol Detection Viruntachar Kruefu1, a *, Pusit Pookmanee2, b, Anurat Wisitsoraat3, c, Sukon Phanichphant4, d 1Program in Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand 2Program in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand 3National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand 4Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand av_viruntachar@hotmail.com, bpusit001@hotmail.com, canurat.wisitsoraat@nectec.or.th, dsphanichphant@yahoo.com Keywords: Vanadium pentoxide; Platinum; Ethanol; Gas sensor; Flame spray pyrolysis Abstract.
Result and Discussion Particle properties XRD analysis was carried out to identify the crystalline structures of V2O5 nanoparticles.
Pt peaks at 2θ = 39.763°, which can be matched well with cubic phase crystalline structures (JCPDS file no. 04–0802), is also found in the pattern of Pt-V2O5.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT); Program in Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Thailand; the National Research University Project under Thailand’s Office of the Higher Education Commission; the Graduate School and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand and National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Effect of Metashaleas SCM on Mechanical and Thermal Properties in Concrete Production Dana Koňákováa *, Eva Vejmelkováb Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Praha 6, Czech Republic adana.konakova@fsv.cvut.cz,beva.vejmelkova@fsv.cvut.cz Keywords: Concrete, Burnt shale, Basic physical properties, Compressive strength, Thermal conductivity Abstract.
Therefore there are lot of attempts to find out materials with cementitious properties and without its ecological disadvantages and replace either part or the whole cement amount in building structures with a more environmentally friendly material.
Regarding the pore structure, it was proved, that with a growing amount of cement replacement it is possible to observe a decrease of the amount of pores with 0.1μm, while a higher mass of smaller pores with a diameter of around 0.02µm appears.
Construction and Building Materials, Volume 25, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 1325-1331 [6] Franco Massazza: 10 - Pozzolana and PozzolanicCemen, Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete (Fourth Edition), 2003, Pages 471-635 [7] Máca, P., Jandeková, D., Konvalinka, P.: The influence of metakaolin addition on the scaling of concrete due to frost action; Cement WapnoBeton, 19 (2014) 1-7

The geopolymer has good bonding structure of amorphous inorganic polymer which has excellent bonding agent properties and mainly shows high bond strength in an early stage.
Kaolin is part of our natural sources and has properties of whiteness, fine particle size and plate-like structure, hence kaolin is suitable to use as coating source materials.
Xu, Effect of curing temperature and silicate concentration on fly ash based geopolymerization, Industrial Engineering Chemistry.
Chemistry of geopolymeric system, terminology, Geopolymere 99, Saint-Quentine, France, 9-39

China 3 Materials Chemistry and Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 P.
Characterization of magnetic hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites The crystal structure of inorganic phase distributed in chitosan matrix was determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku D/Max52550 PC) using Cu Kα radiation at 40 KV and 50 mA.
Determination inorganic phase in magnetic composite by XRD 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 20.0 26.0 32.335.6 39.943.3 46.849.8 53.4 57.1 62.84 └ └ └ ┕ ┕ ┕ ┕ ┕ └ └ └ ┐ ┐"EU └"JC ┕"Ocipgvkvg Intensity(CPS) 2θ(degree) 30.3 -20000 -10000 0 10000 20000 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 b M-DC(emu/g) Magnetic Field (Oe) a Fe3O4=5% b Fe3O4=7.3% a Fig. 2 XRD patterns of magnetic hydroxyapatite/chitosan with 7.3% wt magnetite content Fig. 3 Hysteresis loops of magnetic hydroxyapatite/chitosan at 300K with different magnetite content XRD was used to identify the crystal structure of the inorganic phase dispersed in chitosan matrix.
Duguet, Journal of Materials Chemistry Vol.14 (2004), p. 2161

The formation of study area is mainly a monoclinal structure from south to north.
This monoclinic structure is divided into some fault block by these fractures, which plays an important role in the formation of spring area.
Methodology Based on the monitoring data of groundwater quality during dry seasons in 2013, the chemical characteristics of karst water was analyzed by RockWare Aq·QA software, combined with hydrogeological conditions in jinan spring area. 12 water chemistry parameters (PH,K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO42-,HCO3-,NO3-,otal hardness, TDS, total soluble SiO2)are selected to analyze.
These facts illustrate that karst water chemistry environment has changed, karst dissolution rate has been increasing, circulation channel is not very deep and karst water updates faster

Moreover, it could even go negative with some artificially engineered structures or materials, so-called, metamaterials [3, 4].
Homola, Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 377 (2003) 528-539
Jiang, Backward spoof surface wave in plasmonic metamaterial of ultrathin metallic structure, Scientific Reports, 6 (2016) 1-8
Beran, The crystal chemistry of birefringent natural uvarovites.