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Cold forming is a method of shaping hard and brittle metallic materials at room temperature using pressure.
This machining method not only offers advantages such as a wide range of applicable workpiece materials, no restrictions on material mechanical properties, high processing efficiency, simplicity of operation, and low cost, but also produces micro-column arrays with no residual stress, no recast layer, high accuracy, and excellent structural performance [17,18].
Experimental materials and parameters.
This is because during the electrolytic alloying of steel materials, if the current density is too low, the electrochemical reaction produces oxygen, which forms a modified layer (adherent) on the machining surface.
Sinha, Bio-inspired advanced materials for reducing friction & wear in MEMS devices, in: Adv Mat Res, Trans Tech Publ, 2012: pp. 359–363

In EPC projects, various kinds of materials are usually procured by centralized purchasing pattern.
Although this pattern improves the efficiency of the procurement, material suppliers are responsible for the transportation of the materials.
Because material suppliers often lack professional logistics transportation technology, it is difficult for them to guarantee the timely delivery of materials and to achieve economy of scale in the transportation.
Third Party logistics provides us with an effective way to achieve the scale economy of materials transportation.
Salem: Journal of Management in Engineering, Vol.22 (2006), No. 4, pp.168-175

Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Positron and Positronium Annihilation in Low-Dielectric-Constant Films Studied by a Pulsed Positron Beam R.
Xu 5 1 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8568 and 8565, Japan, e-mail: r-suzuki@aist.go.jp 2 Semiconductor Process Lab.
Ltd., Fuji-shi, Shizuoka 416-8501, Japan 5 Oak Ridge National Laboratory,P.O.Box 2008,Oak Ridge,TN 37831,USA Keywords: low dielectric constant, low-k, diffusion of ortho-positronium, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, PALS, AMOC, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, spin-on dielectric, porous material, three-gamma annihilation.
Since porous low-k materials are only available as thin films, slow positron beam techniques should be used.

Anticipation of self-optimisation of features and operation units First the system model will be decomposed into encapsulated components, so that raw materials, unmachined parts and semifinished products of which the product is composed can be chosen.
Bohr, Model-Based Development Process of Cybertronic Products and Production Systems, Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1018 – Proceedings of the WGP Congress 2014 – Progress in Production Engineering, (2014), pp. 539-546
Nagpal, Programmable self-assembly in a thousand-robot swarm, Science, 345 (2014) 6198, pp. 795-799
Stiny, A. de Pennington, Principles for the definition of design structures, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (2015)
Newman, Computer-Aided Process Planning – A Critical Review of Recent Developments and Future Trends, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 24/1, (2011), pp. 1–31

Numerical analysis is prevalent in various scientific areas such as engineering, physics, applied mathematics, astronomy, medicine and social sciences, among others [1, 2, 3].
This is particularly useful in materials with phase-dependent thermal properties, such as metallic alloys, polymers, and other composite materials [9].
These findings have important implications for understanding heat transfer in materials with variable compositions and could inform the design of materials and processes where controlled thermal management is crucial.0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 20 21 22 23 24 25 (a) At time t = 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 20 21 22 23 24 25 (b) At time t = 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 20 21 22 23 24 25 (c) At time t = 5000 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 20 21 22 23 24 25 (d) At time t = 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 20 21 22 23 24 25 (e) At time t = 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 20 21 22 23 24 25 (f) At time t = 5000 Fig. 7: Evolution of temperature (T3) with (a, b, c) and without (d, e, f) the influence of the concentration.
Ijmtst, Current Role of Numerical Analysis in Mathematics, International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology (2022).
Kim, Physical, mathematical, and numerical derivations of the Cahn-Hilliard equation, Computational Materials Science (2014).

Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, Vol. 24, 2001: 781-790
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, Vol. 25, 2002: 765-773
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 22(1999): 667-762
International Journal of Fatigue, 28(2006):1521-1532
Advanced Materials & Processes, 1991; 140(5): 28-34 [11] Shiozawa K, Lu L T, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 25(2002), pp.813-822

The model is applicable in wide ranging polymer technological applications that include adhesives, coatings, foams, packaging materials, textile and industrial fibers, electronic devices, biomedical devices, optical devices and high-tech ceramic engineering.
Pop, Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, Elsevier Science Ltd, United Kingdom, 1998
Shafie, Unsteady MHD free convection flow of Casson fluid past over an oscillating vertical plate embedded in a porous medium, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 18 (2015) 309 - 317
Khan, Effects of slip condition and Newtonian heating on MHD flow of Casson fluid over a nonlinearly stretching sheet saturated in a porous medium, Journal of King Saudi University – Science 29 (2017) 250 - 259
Abedian Chermahini, DTM-FDM hybrid approach to unsteady MHD Couette flow and heat transfer of dusty fluid with variable properties, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 2 (2017) 57 - 63

Automated Trust Negotiation for Web Services Peng Xinguang, Feng Yanru, and Li Min Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology Taiyuan, China fengyanru05@163.com Keywords: trusted computing, automated trust negotiation, modeling Abstract.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the projects supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province under Grant No. 2009011022-2; supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China Grant No. 2009-28.
[2] David Challener, Ken Yoder, in: A Practical Guide to Trusted Computing, edited by Greg Wiegand, volume 1 of Background Material, chapter, 3, Pearson plc Publishers (2007)
[4] Liao ZS, Jin H, Li CS, Zou DQ: Journal of Software, Vol.17 (2006), p. 1933-1948
[5] Geng Xiuhua, Han Zhen, Jin Li: Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University, Vol. 33 (2009), p. 11-16

Structured data include user and flow information, simulation task parameters and simulation results, for instance, main structure dimension and material property of analysis objects, boundary in analysis process, stress, displacement, etc.
Malone: 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Confer(California, USA, April 19 - 22, 2004) [4] Y.P.
Fu: Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), Vol. 36 (5) (2006), p.711.

Introduction Steel wire ropes are an important technical element in transportation, the building industry, raw material extraction, etc.
Defects are implemented as axial movements of wire material walls in the cylinder by 1 mm.
Material properties needed for calculations are defined based on the B-H curve of a real rope.
Xu, 1.A New Method of Defects Identification for Wire Rope Based on Three-Dimensional Magnetic Flux Leakage, Journal of Physics: Conference Series (48) (2006), pp. 334–338, ISSN 1742-6588
Mining Science and Technology (China), Volume 19, Issue 2, March 2009, Pages 170-175