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The cutting force is low while cutting the softened material because of the suitably high cutting temperature.
It is noticed that a number of continuous chips happen at the higher cutting speed due to the higher cutting temperature which leads to the softening material.
Motorcu: American Journal of Applied Sciences.
Shiraishi: Journal of Engineering for Industry.
Somkiat: Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design Systems and Manufacturing (2007), p. 366 [10] J.

FSP induces intense plastic deformation and high temperature in the processed zone through high speed stir of FSP tool to materials and friction at contact surfaces between FSP tool and processed material.
Therefore, the material was moved around the pin during FSP in two processes.
The transferred material was oxidized in air, subsequently, penetrated and cut the BM surface, causing material in BM loss further.
Pei: Materials transactions Vol.47 (2006), p. 2942
Seyed: Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5 (2011), p. 1622

Introduction The use of different materials in a single part allows for the production of high performance components with reduced weight.
In this case, only the matrix material is plastically deformed and the reinforcement remains undeformed.
Fig. 2: Schematic cross sectional view of the LACE process tool with redirection of the aluminium alloy at an angle of 90° The chemical compositions of the materials investigated in the present study were analysed using spark spectroscopy spectrometry (Spectromaxx from Spectro).
Kim, The effect of die shape on the hot extrudability and mechanical properties of 6061 Al/Al2O3 composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 100 (2000) 53-62
Löhe, Characterization of the interfacial properties of compound-extruded lightweight profiles using the push-out-technique, Materials Science and Engineering A 424 (2006), 205-211

As we got closer to the brazed zone, the base materials grains became larger and the grain limits became more evident (thickened), as ca be observed in figure 5.
The brazed joint region revealed a good quality joint between the materials, with good wetting from the part of the brazing alloy (fig. 6).
Microscopic aspect of brazed joint zone (OM 100) The brazed joint region does not reveal oxides between the brazing alloy and base materials (sign of exposure of air or moisture) or lack of penetration of the brazing alloy.
Ongoing Research The use of brazing for joining stainless steels used at high temperatures will continue and be expanded to other brazing processes and other materials.
Also, the mechanisms that governs the phenomena that take place during brazing of these materials will be studied deeper by analyzing the brazed joints using other investigating techniques like: SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscope), X-Ray Diffraction, etc. to determine the transformations that took place in base materials and brazing materials during brazing process.

Experiment Starting materials used Li2CO3, Nb2O5, Tb4O7 and MnO2 powder of 99.99% purity.
Also, doping materials of 0.5 mol% Tb4O7 and 1.0 mol% MnO2 were prepared by mixing the raw material.
Huignard (Eds.), Photorefractive Materials and their Applications, Vol. 1, Springer, Berlin, 1998
Neurgaonkar, Science 282 (1998) 1089
Materials. 118 (2003) 486

But the variation is no longer obvious with the increase of hydration time, that is to say, the specimens resistivity tends to be stable. 3.2 The relationship of electrical resistivity with carbon fiber content As conductive materials and insulating materials are compounded and when the content of conductive material is less than a critical value, the resistivity of composite material reduces sharply with the increase of conductive materials.
When the volume fraction of conductive materials reaches to a certain value, the reduction of the electrical resistivity will become extremely slow, and that kind of phenomenon is called percolation.The critical value is called percolation threshold[4] and the curve reflecting the relationship between the electrical resistivity and conductive filler content is called filtration curve.
But the dispersion effect of carbon fibers in cementious composite materials is not ideal enough and the stability of electrical resistivity needs to be enhanced.
Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by Hubei Provincial Department of Education (D20101301), Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2010CDB04301) and National University Student Renovation Project at Yangtze University(111048911).
References [1] Qizhao Mao, Bingyuan Zhao, Darong Sheng etc, Journal of Wuhan Uni. of Tech.

An approach to reach such goal consists in manufacturing multi-sheet lightweight structures by assembling two or more blanks, also in different materials.
An important aspect to be considered is the unequal heat distribution below the tool; such discrepancy is enhanced as dissimilar materials are welded [2].
Materials and experimental procedures Materials.
The mechanical properties of the welded joints were evaluated by means of tensile tests performed at room temperature and were compared with those of the base materials (BMs).
Blanco, J.F. dos Santos, Dissimilar Al to Mg alloy friction stir welds, Advanced Engineering Materials 8(5) (2006) 415-421

Materials and methods Materials.
The investigations were conducted on a sample of old terracotta decorative tile and experimental solutions used are commercially available chemicals products, used for lithical materials maintenance, with the following names: Ager, Hydrex, Mattstone and Mattstone H2O.
Other materials used are: distilled water, 1 ml pipette, paint brushes, sprayer and filter paper (absorbant).
The S1 chemical product can also be used in order to reintegrate ceramic materials (like the ones used to create the architectural ornaments of the City Library, Roman), from a chromatic point of view, but the fact that it determines major chromatic deviations has to be taken into consideration.
(paper to the conference on Geological Materials in Construction, London, November 1989) - International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 28 (1991) 338

Luxembourg St., Donetsk, 83114, Ukraine; 4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan Abstract.
A broad variety of metallic materials, composites and polymers were processed, which revealed most of mechanisms of structure evolution and materials' behavior during and after SPD.
After that, many researches on different materials using this technique were done.
Prangnell: International Journal of Materials Research Vol. 98 (2007), p. 200 [5] D.
Horita: Materials Transactions Vol. 49 (2008), p. 2 [6] Y.

The axisymmetric radial vibration equation of the thin disk with variable thickness in Cylindrical coordinate can be expressed as follows: (1) Where is radical vibration displacement, is the function about the thickness of the edge section, is material density, is Poisson ration, is material elasticity modulus.
Defining the material parameters of duralumin as follows: density(r) =2 700 kg/m3, Poisson ratio(n) =0.34, elasticity modulus (E)=71.5 GPa.
Second, the material parameters selected in the analysis may be different from the true value.
Acknowledgment This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50708057) and Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation (Y606238).
Journal of Acoustical Society of American, 107(3)：1358-1362,2000 [3] Tao Xie, Haiqun Qi.