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There are no restrictions with regard to the material [41].
The width, the material thickness and the roughness can be causes of flow separation, which adversely affect the transport of the workpieces at deeper levels.
M. (1994): Planung der Material-bereitstellung in der Montage.
In: Logistics Journal 2007 (May), 1–7
In: CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology

The electrolyte is one of the active materials of lead-acid battery.
According to the “energy audit training materials” of the ministry of finance, In 2006 the standard coal consumption generated by electric power and other valuable use for the thermal power in China was 0.367 kg/kWh, which was 0.357 kg/kWh in 2007 and 0.349 kg/kWh in 2008.
The hybrid technology, advanced internal combustion engine technology, Streamline car body design, the use of lightweight materials are widely used currently and have also improved the fuel economy from the technical level.
Journal of xi’an jiaotong university, 2004 (01)
Wealth in China science and technology, 2008 (9)

Pawłowski1, e, 1 Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Świętokrzyska 21, 00-049 Warsaw, Poland a holnicki@ippt.gov.pl, b cgraczyk@ippt.gov.pl, cgmikulow@ippt.gov.pl, d amroz@ippt.gov.pl, e ppawl@ippt.gov.pl Keywords: Adaptive Impact Absorption, Adaptive structures, Optimal control.
The walls of the pneumatic structure can be made of rubber reinforced by steel rods or any other material which provides high durability and allows large deformations during ship impact.
Two possibilities to overcome this barrier are new composite materials development on one hand and new adaptive solutions on the other.
AIAA Journal vol.36, No.3, 1998
[3] Holnicki-Szulc J., Pawlowski P., Wiklo M., High-performance impact absorbing materials - the concept, design tools and applications, Smart Materials and Structures, vol.12, number 3, 2003 [4] Graczykowski C., Holnicki J., Protecting offshore wind turbines against ship impacts by means of adaptive inflatable structures, Shock and Vibration, IOS Press, in print

Nucleation of grains during cooling from the liquid plays an essential role in determining the final grain size distribution, especially if the material does not have a solid-state phase transformation, i.e. when grain refinement by thermo(-mechanical) treatments is not available.
These results suggest that the grains grew epitaxially from already-solidified material.
Humbeeck, Changing the alloy composition of Al7075 for better processability by selective laser melting, J. of Material Processing Te chnology, 238 (2016) 437-445 [3] I.
Smurov, Energy input effect on morphology and microstructure of selective laser melting single track from metallic powder, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 213 (2013) 606-613 [4] B.
Enomoto, Discrete lattice plane analysis of Baker-Nutting related B1 compound/ferrite interfacial energy, Materials Science & Engineering A, A332 (2002) 184-192

The different types of materials slow down or speed up the flow of energy by different amounts.
This technique will be used for finding the defected of the pipeline and the areas that defects in the material have high current density [5].
Eddy current and remote field eddy current techniques involve the generation of electric currents and magnetic fields to investigate the condition of ferrous material.
Impact echo/spectral analysis of surface waves technique used for evaluated concrete and masonry material.
Kodikara, Reliability of Infrared Thermography in Detecting Leaks in Buried Water Reticulation Pipes, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 10 (2017) 4210-4224

Materials and methods Soil and plants samples were collected within a range of about 3 km from a typical zinc smelting site located in Hezhang, southwestern China (Figure 1).
For quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), we analyzed duplicates, method blanks and standard reference materials (SRM 2710, GBW 07404 and GBW07602).
The recoveries ((measured value / certified value)×100%) for the metals in standard reference materials were in the range of 87-114%, and the relative difference between sample duplicates was < 13%.
Acknowledgements The present study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (40473049) References [1].
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 74(2001) 153-162

Elaborate Simulation Method for the Influence of Soil Excavation of Shield Tunnels on Existing Pile Foundations Rongjun Zhanga, Junjie Zheng b,*, and Youkou Dongc Institute of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China azhangrongjun1984@163.com, bzhengjj@hust.edu.cn, cwsdyka@163.com *Corresponding author.
Mroueh and Shahrour [3] adopted the “stiffness transport method” (i.e. gradually changing the modulus of materials) and “stress releasing method” to simulate the advancing of shield machine, and analyzed the responses of adjacent single piles and pile groups.
As mentioned in Reference [12], the relationship between the modulus of the grouting material and time is shown in Fig. 4 (of cause, for different grouting materials, the change law of modulus of the grouting material versus the time is different).
According to the actual construction speed, the modulus of grouting material can be easily determined.
Wang: Journal of System Simulation, Vol. 20(2008), No. 16, p.4291 [13] N.

Straight Beams Rested on Nonlinear Elastic Foundations – Part 2 (Numerical Solutions, Results and Evaluation) Šárka Michenková1,a, Karel Frydrýšek2,b,*, Marek Nikodým3,c 1Department of Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic 2Department of Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic 3Department of Mathematics and Descriptive Geometry, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic asarka.michenkova@vsb.cz, bkarel.frydrysek@vsb.cz, cmarek.nikodym@vsb.cz *Corresponding author Keywords: Elastic Foundation, Beam, Nonlinearity, Finite Difference Method (Central Differences), Newton–Raphson Method, Programming, Results Abstract.
The measured material properties of the elastic foundation were evaluated and approximated in four ways (via bilateral linear, bilateral linear + cubic and bilateral linear + cubic + quintic polynomial functions and via unilateral functions).
Frydryšek, Probabilistic Calculations in Mechanics 1 (Pravděpodobnostní výpočty v mechanice 1), Department of Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, ISBN 978-80-248-2314-0, Ostrava, Czech Republic, 2010
Kamiński, A generalized version of the perturbation-based stochastic finite difference method for elastic beams, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2009, 47, 4, pp. 957-975
Nikodým, Report about Solutions of Beam on Nonlinear Elastic Foundation, Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering Series, no. 14, ISSN 2227-4588, ISBN 978-960-474-305-6, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2013, pp. 263-266

Wear process and analysis of lubrication failure about sputtering MoS2 composite solid films applied to spacecraft Zhihua Wan1,a , Yunping Zhao1, Miaomiao Cai2,b, Hui Zhou1, Hanjun Hu1, And Jun Zheng1 1 Science and Technology on Surface Engineering Laboratory, Lan Zhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China 2 Faculty of Electronic Industry and Engineering JiuJiang University, JiuJiang 332000.
The material on the friction pair contact surface was substantively changed along with the test, i.e., the ‘9Cr18 stainless steel - MoS2 lubrication film’ contact mode was changed to the interphase and mixed surface composed of ‘9Cr18 stainless steel and MoS2 - MoS2 lubrication film’ contact mode.
The sputtering solid MoS2/Sb2O3 composite lubrication film showed stable lubrication and antifriction performance and longer wear resistance life on the surface of 9Cr18 stainless steel materials.
Wear resistance characteristics of the sputtering MoS2 lubrication film in the atmosphere were mainly based on the contributing thickness of about 150nm to 200nm on the substrate material surface.
[6] Xiaoling Zhang,Naisai Hu,Jiawen He,Study on the Methods to Improve the Properties of Sputtering Deposited MoS2 Films <<Journal of Materials engineering>>,1999,No.10,44～47

This process and its complicated difficulties require a lot of manpower and material resources.
Researchers from the Institute of Organic and Biochemical Sciences of the Czech Academy of Sciences have developed a new methodology for facile preparation of affinity probes for the identification of unknown targets of biologically active small molecules3.
To verify the utility of the method, the Researchers from the Institute of Organic and Biochemical Sciences of the Czech Academy of Sciences used fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors, type II glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) inhibitors and aspartame.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2009, 106 (51), 21984-21989
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2007, 129 (4), 873-880