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Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Measurement of low-amplitude hysteresis behaviour of concrete by high-precision vibrating wire strain gauges S.A.
McFadden 3 1 University of Bristol, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Queen’s Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK. simon.neild@bristol.ac.uk 2 University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK. martin.williams@eng.ox.ac.uk 3 University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK. peter.mcfadden@eng.ox.ac.uk Keywords: Sensors and measurement strategies; strain gauges; hysteresis measurements.
Finally, the correction requires accurate knowledge of the thermal expansion coefficient of the test specimen, which may be hard to assess for an inherently variable material such as concrete.
For an elastic material with Young's modulus E, and in the absence of any thermal effects, the stress is related to the elastic strain ε by σ = Eε and hence a strain can be deduced from the measured frequency.
To remove the temperature effect, a control gauge is used, which is mounted on an unloaded sample of the same material as the test specimen, and positioned as close as possible to the specimen, so that they may be assumed to experience the same temperatures.

The material used is an Aluminum alloy AA3003-O with ρ =2700 [kg/m³], E=70000 [MPa], ν =0.33 and σ0=33 [MPa].
Acknowledgements The authors of this article would like to thank the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT) and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Contract P5/08) for their financial support.
Van Houtte: "Comparison of FEM Simulations for the Incremental Forming Process", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 6-8 (2005), pp. 533-542 (Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland) [2] J.
Cescotto: "A Mixed Finite Element for the Analysis of Large Inelastic Strains", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 31 (1991), pp. 229-239

It is suitable to perform experiments on magnetism and high resolution large d-spacing materials using wavelengths between 2.4 and 6 Å.
Such an study was already published in the former volume of this series [34] and in other journals [35, 36] so that it will only be mentioned briefly here.
Barman, Advanced Materials Research 52, 109 (2008) [25] L.
Mondelli, ILL Annual report Scientific Highlights, Materials, 3-9 (2007) [36] J.
To be published on Journal of Physics: Conference Series.

., Pengyi WEI Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States email: pengyiwei5101@sina.com Keywords: Sulfur; Iron-base alloys; Analytical method; Summary Abstract.
[4] Kunio Takada, Tetsuya Ashino, Yukitoshi Morimoto, Hisao Yasuhara, Mayuko Kurosaki and Kenji Abiko, Determination of Trace Amounts of Sulfur in High-Purity Iron by Infrared Absorption after Combustion： Removal of Sulfur Blank, Materials Transactions, JIM, Vol,41,No. 1(2000)pp. 53 to 56
[10] Jianhuan Wei, Huafeng Sun, Shengjie Yang, the cycle measurement of sulfur blank value with the CS-444 infrared ray carbon sulfur analyzer, Advanced Materials Research, Vals.399-401(2012)pp2173-2176
[11] Cai Jijie, Huang Zongping, Yang Lihui．Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory[J], 2003, 20(2)：221—223
[25] Yang Jiahe．Journal of Sanming University[J], 1998, 15(1)：48-49

Besides, its good solubility in water makes it be used wider than CS as an application of biological materials. [18].
Materials and methods Materials.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (20806005) and Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (ZZ1025).
Conaway: Sulforaphane and its metabolite mediate growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells (Editorial Academy of the International Journal of Oncology, Athens, GRECE 2002)

This mode enables regeneration of protective layers by selective transfer of necessary material from a lubricating medium.
In order to visualize influence of tribological process running in selective transfer regime the Abbot-Firestone curve of countersample friction surface was drawn which determines material ratio (bearing area ratio) as the function of roughness profile height (Fig. 5).
In : Lubricants, Materials and Lubrication Engineering.
Materials Science 2008, vol. 14, No. 4, p. 202÷208
Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering 2006, Vol. 20, Issue 5, p. 86÷89

Rogalski, The New Conception of The Laboratory Testing of the FBW Control Systems for Small Aircraft, Aircraft Enginering and Aerospace Technology: An International Journal, Vol. 74, No 3 (2004) 293-298 [5] T.
Rzucidło, Algorithms of Measurement System for a Micro UAV, Mechatronic Systems and Materials IV, Solid State Phenomena, Vol. 198, Trans Tech Publications Inc., Zurich 2013, pp. 165-170
Rzucidło, Unmanned Air Vehicle Research Simulator - Prototyping and Testing of Control and Navigation Systems, Mechatronic Systems and Materials IV, Solid State Phenomena, Vol. 198, Trans Tech Publications Inc., Zurich 2013, pp. 266-274
Rogalski, Aircraft attitude calculation with the use of aerodynamic flight data as correction signals, Aerospace Science and Technology (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2013.10.009 [18] R.
Wojtowicz (2013), UAV Avionics System Software Development Using Simulation Method, Mechatronic Systems and Materials IV, Solid State Phenomena Volume: 198 Pages: 260-265

Introduction The greatest progress that was achieved during last decade in materials science research is related to the creation of micro- and nanostructured materials operational characteristics which was determined at a microscopic level.
Belogorodskyy: Ukrainian Journal of Physics Vol. 51 (2006), p. 605
Zapala 9th International Symposium on Physics of Materials ISPMA-9, (Trans Tech Publications, Praha 2003).

Aqueous synthesis towards vertically-aligned and selective pattern of ZnO nanostructures arrays Ghim Wei Ho 1,a , Andrew See Weng Wong2,b 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117576 2 Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602 a elehgw@nus.edu.sg, bwonga@imre.a-star.edu.sg Keywords: ZnO, nanorods, hydrothermal, vertically-aligned Abstract.
To improve electron transport in these photovoltaic cells, arrays of one-dimensional nanostructures infiltrated with inorganic material or conjugated polymers are designed to provide a direct path to the electrode [610].
Finally, the products were washed with distilled water to remove any residual salts and organic material and then dried at 100 °C for at least 60 min.
European Journal vol. 13, pp. 632-638, 2006
Penn, "Aggregation-based crystal growth and microstructure development in natural iron oxyhydroxide biomineralization products," Science, vol. 289, pp. 751-754, 2000

This damage is characterized by: small flake material, layers of depth along the slope, mostly occurs mainly in the dry season of intense evaporation, in general, the longer dry season, evaporation of the more intense, more severe spalling, occurs in the slope surface to about 0.1~0.2m depth range.
And loose material of spalling in the rainy season was wrapped with moving water is the formation of mud flows, are often the main culvert sedimentation material source.
Such as: flexible structure of the vegetation protection and rigid structure of the shallow arch skeleton can effectively prevent the erosion and collapse slip; to avoid the strong expansion of soil as a channel dam filling material; set the necessary retaining structures and drainage system to prevent side slope slump and so on.
[5] Jiru Zhang， Study on Diseases features and treatment technology of expansive- soil highway， Science and Technology of Overseas Building Materials 2003, 24(1) , In Chinese
[6] Biwei Gong etc, Probe into Treatment Measures for Main Channel Slope in Expansive Soil Region, Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2002, 19(z1)