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The different types of materials slow down or speed up the flow of energy by different amounts.
This technique will be used for finding the defected of the pipeline and the areas that defects in the material have high current density [5].
Eddy current and remote field eddy current techniques involve the generation of electric currents and magnetic fields to investigate the condition of ferrous material.
Impact echo/spectral analysis of surface waves technique used for evaluated concrete and masonry material.
Kodikara, Reliability of Infrared Thermography in Detecting Leaks in Buried Water Reticulation Pipes, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 10 (2017) 4210-4224

Straight Beams Rested on Nonlinear Elastic Foundations – Part 2 (Numerical Solutions, Results and Evaluation) Šárka Michenková1,a, Karel Frydrýšek2,b,*, Marek Nikodým3,c 1Department of Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic 2Department of Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic 3Department of Mathematics and Descriptive Geometry, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic asarka.michenkova@vsb.cz, bkarel.frydrysek@vsb.cz, cmarek.nikodym@vsb.cz *Corresponding author Keywords: Elastic Foundation, Beam, Nonlinearity, Finite Difference Method (Central Differences), Newton–Raphson Method, Programming, Results Abstract.
The measured material properties of the elastic foundation were evaluated and approximated in four ways (via bilateral linear, bilateral linear + cubic and bilateral linear + cubic + quintic polynomial functions and via unilateral functions).
Frydryšek, Probabilistic Calculations in Mechanics 1 (Pravděpodobnostní výpočty v mechanice 1), Department of Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, ISBN 978-80-248-2314-0, Ostrava, Czech Republic, 2010
Kamiński, A generalized version of the perturbation-based stochastic finite difference method for elastic beams, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2009, 47, 4, pp. 957-975
Nikodým, Report about Solutions of Beam on Nonlinear Elastic Foundation, Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering Series, no. 14, ISSN 2227-4588, ISBN 978-960-474-305-6, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2013, pp. 263-266

Materials and methods Soil and plants samples were collected within a range of about 3 km from a typical zinc smelting site located in Hezhang, southwestern China (Figure 1).
For quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), we analyzed duplicates, method blanks and standard reference materials (SRM 2710, GBW 07404 and GBW07602).
The recoveries ((measured value / certified value)×100%) for the metals in standard reference materials were in the range of 87-114%, and the relative difference between sample duplicates was < 13%.
Acknowledgements The present study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (40473049) References [1].
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 74(2001) 153-162

Wear process and analysis of lubrication failure about sputtering MoS2 composite solid films applied to spacecraft Zhihua Wan1,a , Yunping Zhao1, Miaomiao Cai2,b, Hui Zhou1, Hanjun Hu1, And Jun Zheng1 1 Science and Technology on Surface Engineering Laboratory, Lan Zhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China 2 Faculty of Electronic Industry and Engineering JiuJiang University, JiuJiang 332000.
The material on the friction pair contact surface was substantively changed along with the test, i.e., the ‘9Cr18 stainless steel - MoS2 lubrication film’ contact mode was changed to the interphase and mixed surface composed of ‘9Cr18 stainless steel and MoS2 - MoS2 lubrication film’ contact mode.
The sputtering solid MoS2/Sb2O3 composite lubrication film showed stable lubrication and antifriction performance and longer wear resistance life on the surface of 9Cr18 stainless steel materials.
Wear resistance characteristics of the sputtering MoS2 lubrication film in the atmosphere were mainly based on the contributing thickness of about 150nm to 200nm on the substrate material surface.
[6] Xiaoling Zhang,Naisai Hu,Jiawen He,Study on the Methods to Improve the Properties of Sputtering Deposited MoS2 Films <<Journal of Materials engineering>>,1999,No.10,44～47

The electrolyte is one of the active materials of lead-acid battery.
According to the “energy audit training materials” of the ministry of finance, In 2006 the standard coal consumption generated by electric power and other valuable use for the thermal power in China was 0.367 kg/kWh, which was 0.357 kg/kWh in 2007 and 0.349 kg/kWh in 2008.
The hybrid technology, advanced internal combustion engine technology, Streamline car body design, the use of lightweight materials are widely used currently and have also improved the fuel economy from the technical level.
Journal of xi’an jiaotong university, 2004 (01)
Wealth in China science and technology, 2008 (9)

Elaborate Simulation Method for the Influence of Soil Excavation of Shield Tunnels on Existing Pile Foundations Rongjun Zhanga, Junjie Zheng b,*, and Youkou Dongc Institute of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China azhangrongjun1984@163.com, bzhengjj@hust.edu.cn, cwsdyka@163.com *Corresponding author.
Mroueh and Shahrour [3] adopted the “stiffness transport method” (i.e. gradually changing the modulus of materials) and “stress releasing method” to simulate the advancing of shield machine, and analyzed the responses of adjacent single piles and pile groups.
As mentioned in Reference [12], the relationship between the modulus of the grouting material and time is shown in Fig. 4 (of cause, for different grouting materials, the change law of modulus of the grouting material versus the time is different).
According to the actual construction speed, the modulus of grouting material can be easily determined.
Wang: Journal of System Simulation, Vol. 20(2008), No. 16, p.4291 [13] N.

Introduction Acrylic resins are materials used in dentistry as denture materials, removable denture bases, and also prosthesis repair [1].
References [1] Hatrick CD and Eakle WS 2016 Dental materials: Clinical applications for dental assistants and dental hygienists 3rd ed St.
Iasi. 111(2) 477-81 [14] Istiqlal N 2015 Pengaruh seduhan kopi arabika gayo terhadap kekasaran permukaan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik heat cured Banda Aceh: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Unsyiah ix, 30 [15] Gupta G and Gupta T 2011 Evaluation of the effect of various beverages and food material on the color stability of provisional materials – An in vitro study J. 
Dent. 2 193-6 [20] Young BC 2010 A comparison of polymeric denture base materials [Master's thesis].
Scotland: University of Glasgow 101, 103 [21] Anusavice KJ, Shen C and Rawls HR 2013 Phillps' science of dental materials 12th ed St.

Forecasting energy consumption has been the focus of numerous scientific efforts undertaken, inter alia, by the Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [3].
One of the most efficient and large-scale options for curtailing energy consumption is to improve energy efficiency of the manufacture of goods in the economic sectors, in particular, to retrofit manufacturing machinery, reduce energy losses; improve the quality of products, and reduce losses of raw materials.
The recourses can be divided into material, non-material and human.
One of the most efficient and large-scale options for curtailing energy consumption is to improve energy efficiency of the manufacture of goods in the economic sectors, in particular, to retrofit manufacturing machinery, reduce energy losses; improve the quality of products, and reduce losses of raw materials.
[7] Snowdon, B., Stonehouse, G. (2010), "Competitiveness in globalized world: Michael Porter on the Microeconomic Foundations of the Competitiveness of Nations, Regions and Firms", Journal of International Business Studies, №. 2(37), pp. 163-175.

Yang 4,d 1 ,2 National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 3,4 Technology and Science Institute of Northern Taiwan, No. 2, Xueyuan Rd., Beitou, 112 Taipei, Taiwan, ROC a liaoys@ntu.edu.tw,b D90522007@ntu.edu.tw,c ycchung@tsint.edu.tw,d tyyang@tsint.edu.tw Keywords: corona ignited micro-discharge welding (CIMDW), microwelding, plasma, microtechnology Abstract.
A Lloyd Material Testing Machine is used for the tests.
Li : Journal of Materials Processing Technology 138(2003) p.102-108 [3] V V Semak1, G A Knorovsky2 and D O MacCallum :J.
Zhou: Volume 35A, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A October (2004) p. 2165-2176
Panella: Materials and Design 31 (2010) p.176-184 [9]T.Konno, M.Egashira, M.Kobayashi and N.Shinya: Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 3990 (2000 ) [10]Howard B.

Both materials have a wide energy gap [8,9].
DOI: 10.1126/science.1080880
[5] Ando, Y., 2013, Topological Insulator Materials, J.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 64 2183–2190.
Denlinger and P.Yang, 2004, Crystallographic Alignment of High-Density Gallium Nitride Nanowire Arrays, Nature Materials Vol. 3.