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Hollow sphere, and seamless steel pipe materials are used Q235-B and the maximum load of specimens must be ensured at the elastic stage.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50678109，59908005).
In Chinese [6] Pei Xu, Yaguo Xue: Mechanical analysis and experimental research on large welded hollow spherical joints, Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 1997, 103-108.

Materials and Methods Study area.
Dong: Jouranl of Lanzhou University (Natural Science).Vol. 44(2008), p. 45-50 (in Chinese) [2] L.
Jiang: Geography and Geo-Information Science.Vol. 25(2009), p. 109-112 (in Chinese) [7] P.B.
Liao: Journal of Anhui Agri.

In order to learn about materials’ structure information, some preliminary handling for these original data must be done, one of which is just patterns’ smoothing.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC), (Project No. 11064011 ).
Journal of Nanjing Institute of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2010, 8(1):38-42.

Synthesis of Gold Nanorods by Using H2O2 as the Weak Reducer in a Binary Surfactant Mixture Shuting Zhang1,a, Zhiang Liu2,b, Mingyue Hu1,c, Sulan Ma1,d, Min Li1,e* and Xiaoli Liu3,f* 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China 2Experimental Teaching and Equipment Management Center, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China 3Department of Physics, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China azst_jsnu@163.com, bzhiang_001@163.com, c1072902135@qq.com, d1821307504@qq.com, *elim2011@jsnu.edu.cn, *fxiaoliliu_opt@126.com Keywords: Gold nanorods; visible–near infrared spectroscopy; reducer; surfactant Abstract.
Materials and Methods Chemicals Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4•4H2O), Silver nitrate (AgNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11204112, 11604180) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).
Su, Synthesis of long gold nanorods as an efficient photothermal agent in the second near-infrared window, Journal of Nano Research 40 (2016) 180-189
Davis, Seed-mediated growth of gold nanorods: limits of length to diameter ratio control, Journal of Nanomaterials (2014) 765618

Introduction Functionally graded materials (FGM), which can also be designated as functionally gradient materials, are materials characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over volume, resulting in corresponding changes in different properties of the material.
[2] V.I.Tretyakov, Bases of materials science and technology of fabrication of sintered cemented carbides, Metallurgiya, Moscow,1975 (in Rusian)
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 36(2013)10-21
Lisovsky, Thermodynamics of isolated pores filled with liquid in sintered composite materials Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 25A(4)(1994)733-740
In: Handbook of Ceramic Hard Materials, Vol.I, p.202-252, ed.

Noise reduction using wavelet transform in ultrasonic flaw detection of small-diameter steel pipe with thick wall Shaojiang Wanga, Li Hou, Yulin Wang and Jianquan Zhang College of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China awangshao1984@126.com Keywords: Ultrasonic testing; Nondestructive testing(NDT); Wavelet transform; Noise reduction; Flaw detection; Filter; Wavelet; Abstract: In order to ensure that small diameter steel pipes with thick wall have high intensity and high quality, ultrasonic immersion method with focusing probe was used to detect the flaw of the small-diameter steel pipes with thick wall.
So this method is widely used to identify the performance of materials and detect flaws.
In practice, the echoes are often corrupted with external noise or internal noise, here, the external noise refers to the noise generated by the circuits and testing equipments; the internal noise refers to the structure (or grain) noise of materials[2].
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 1999. 76(9): p. 619-630

A large number of technical papers were published in relevant journals and proceedings of conferences.
The techniques of fixture design have been developing with the progress of computer science.
[5] R.Hunter, A.Vizan and J.Perez: Materials Processing Technology, Vol.164-165(2005), pp.1510-1518
Li and Y.Rong: Materials Processing Technology, Vol.128(2002), No.1-3 , pp.7-18

Analysis of input raw materials.
On the basis of the results obtained during the analysis of raw materials, a total of 5 concrete mixtures were designed, differing from each other only by the percentage substitution of cement with high-temperature fly ash as an active admixture.
[3] ZOBAL, O.; KOPECKÝ, L; PADEVĚT, P.; ŠMILAUER, V.; BITTNAR, Z., Analysis of concrete from the body of the Orlík dam after fifty years, in Beton TKS 2/2014, ISSN 1213-3116, Beton TKS, Praha, 2014 [4] MADHAVI, CH.; SWAMY RAJU, L.; MATHUR, D., Durabilty and Strength Properties of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete, Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 4 No. 2A, 2014 [5] ŤAŽKÝ, M.; HELA, R., Development of structural concrete with fly ash - mixing of different particle-size fractions of fly ash and cement, kapitola v Fly ash - properties, analysis and performance, ISBN 9781536105162, Nova Publisher, Inc., New York, USA, 2017 [6] HOLMAN, K., JEFFERY & MYERS, J., Comparative Study on the Mechanical and Durability Behavior of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete versus Conventional Concrete, In First International Conference on Concrete Sustainability (ICCS 2013), Tokyo, Japan, 2013
[7] HELA, R.; ŤAŽKÝ, M.; BODNÁROVÁ, L., Possibilities of determination of optimal dosage of power plant fly ash for concrete, in Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering), ISSN 2180-3722, 2016 [8] EN 450-1.

It is based on the decomposition of titanium-containing raw material by sulfuric acid and the hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate.
Using TiOSO4 solution of 230~260 g/L as raw material, titanium dioxide pigments with reproducible properties was prepared by hydrolyzing controlled by nucleation [20].
Our previous work had investigated some hydrolysis factors influence on the structure and pigment properties of TiO2 via self-generated seed process by using concentrated TiOSO4 solution as raw material [22].
Acknowledgments This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50804025); Key Technology R&D Program of Sichuan Province, China (2011GZ0303); Scientific Research Industrialization Projects of Panzhihua, China (2011CY-G-23).
D.Moggridge: Journal of Cryst.

El-Shazly1,4,b, Marwa F Elkady1,3,c and Joshua Chireboah-Ansah5,d 1Chemical and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt 2Minerals Engineering Department, Faculty of Mineral Resource and Technology, University of Mines and Technology, Ghana 3Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. 4Fabrication Technology Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt. 5Geology, Environmental and Survey Dept, JBS Eco Solutions Ltd, Takoradi-Ghana ahamdiya.orleans@ejust.edu.eg, bAhmed.elshazly@ejust.edu.eg, cMarwa.elkady@ejust.edu.eg, djocansahx4@gmail.com Keywords: Conductive polymer, Nanotechnology, water treatment Abstract.
The objective of this study was to examine the adsorption of metals (Mg, Ca, Fe and Cu) onto the prepared Nano-PANI in single and multi-metal systems. 2 Experimental Work 2.1 Material Used Aniline 99.8% pure, Potassium Persulphate (KPS), hydrochloric acid (HCl) 35-38%, and methanol were purchased from Acros Organics and used as received.
Figure 2 XRD pattern of synthesized polyaniline 3.3 SEM and TEM ANALYSIS Figure 3 shows SEM images at different magnitudes; a(x5000), b(10,000), c(x15,000) and d(x30,000) Polyaniline was rod-like and some part as flowers in nature, which are in nano-forms, which also shows that the material is in good shape as a nanomaterial and can be further processed for needful applications .
IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL (ENGLISH), pp. 319–328, 01-Jan-2011