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CoO doped glasses are significantly important in the materials technology in terms of optical switching devices, visible and near- infrared (NIR) laser materials, ferromagnetic sensors, etc.
In view of this, the cobalt containing glasses are used as NIR laser materials [3].
Optical Materials, 2011; 33: 1984–1988
Materials Research Bulletin, 2012; 47: 2646–2654
Optical Materials, 1998; 10: 245–252

It may substitutes proportionally of raw materials and be functional feed for ruminant.
Introduction Loh (2002) [1] reported that the use of local raw materials in production of animal feed in Malaysia needs more innovative R&D for ruminant industry.
Thus far, bulk of raw materials for production of animal feed and also commercial animal feeds are imported from other countries and as consequences, these contributed to high cost of animal feed in livestock industry.
Current technology in evaluating, processing and utilisation of new materials becomes more advance thus provides numerous opportunities in production to minimize the feed costs [3].
Materials and Methods The microorganism used in this study was Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442.

Vaia, Polymer Nanocomposites, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics. 45 (2007) 3252–3256
Ajayan, Emerging Applications of Elemental 2D Materials, Advanced Materials. 32 (2020) 1–22
Albermany, Impact of polymer molecular weights and graphene nanosheets on fabricated PVA-PEG/GO nanocomposites: Morphology, sorption behavior and shielding application, AIMS Materials Science. 9 (2022) 584–603
Al-Bermany, New fabricated PMMA-PVA/graphene oxide nanocomposites: Structure, optical properties and application, Journal of Composite Materials. 55 (2021) 2793–2806
Mohammed, Optical properties of pure and doped PVA:PEO based solid polymer blend electrolytes: two methods for band gap study, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 28 (2017) 7473–7479

[13] Catauro M, Raucci M G, Ausanio G, Ambrosio L, Sol-gel Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of Poly(Ether-Imide)/TiO2 Hybrid Materials, Journal of Applied Biomaterials and Biomechanics. (2018)
[17] Van Chuc N, Thanh C T, Van Tu N, Phuong V T Q, Thang P V, Thanh Tam N T, A Simple Approach to the Fabrication of Graphene-Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films on Copper Substrate by Chemical Vapor Deposition, Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 31 (2015) 479–83 [18] Pomogailo A D, Polymer Sol-Gel Synthesis of Hybrid Nanocomposites, Colloid J. 67 (2005) 658–77
[43] Chen X, Preparation and property of TiO2 nanoparticle dispersed polyvinyl alcohol composite materials, Journal of Materials Science Letters. 21 (2002) 1637–1639
Nanoelectronics and Materials. 9 (2016) 17-36
[63] Yang C-C, Synthesis and characterization of the cross-linked PVA/TiO2 composite polymer membrane for alkaline DMFC, Journal of Membrane Science. 288 (2007) 51–60

Gepreel, Materials Science and Engineering: C 121 (2021) 111661
Niinomi, Materials Science and Engineering: A 243 (1998) 231-236
Morinaga, Materials Science and Engineering: A 480 (2008) 167-174
Langer, Journal of materials science 24 (1989) 381-388
Liu, Journal of Materials Science & Technology 69 (2021) 7-14

These materials have shown strong adsorption capacity, but poor acid and alkali resistance and small tannins solid load.
But thanks to the high cost of materials, it is difficult to be adapted to industrial application.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science.
Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths.

Materials Science and Engineering: A, 691, 121-125
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 14(5), 647-653
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 207(1-3), 180-186
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, 8(2014-01-2241), 35-44
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 207(1), 1-12 [12] Maldaner, J. (2004).

Methods and materials In the present experiments stainless steel powder (Fe-17Cr-4Ni-2Mo-0.1C（quality fraction ω）) was used that its granularity was 325/+600.
Material and technics parameters.
Acknowledgements This work was financial supported by Science and Technology Project Program of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau with granted No.201250499145-17.
Applied Surface Science, 2009 (255) :5523~5527 [6] Wu Zhengqiang.
Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2008, 14(5): 300~304 [10] Xi Mingzhe, Zhang Yongzhong, Zhang Pingzhi, et al.

Journal of Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 49(2) (2015) 300-301
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, A (2015) (Unpublished)
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, A, 585 (2013) 123-131
Journal of Materials Characterization, 100 (2015) 78-80
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214 (2014) 364

Materials.
Journal of Materials Processing Tech.. 299 (2022) 1–15
Materials Science Forum. 1038 (2021) 492–499 [33] Hai.
Materials Science Forum. 1038 (2021) 15–24
Materials Science Forum. 1038 (2021) 460–467.