Books by Keyword: Grain Boundaries

Description:

The second volume of the topic series “Superalloys” contains articles published by Trans Tech Publications from 2018 up to 2019. This collection presents a wide range of scientific research results and engineering solutions in the field of alloy developments and performance, physical and mechanical properties, and processing technologies of various types of superalloys. We hope this collection will be beneficial and interesting to a broad audience of researchers and engineers from the area of materials science and engineering.

Description:

The first issue of the topic series “Superalloys” contains articles published by Trans Tech Publications in 2017 year. The volume entitled as "Ni-Based Superalloys" provides the readers with a wide range of scientific research results and engineering solutions in the field of development, a study of properties and processing technologies of nickel-based superalloys. We hope this collection will be useful and interesting to a broad audience of researchers and engineers from the area of machinery.

Description: The majority of materials, especially metals, are used in the form of polycrystals. It is well recognized that many properties of polycrystalline materials are determined by grain boundaries (GBs). Grain boundaries appreciably affect many practically important mechanical and physical properties of construction materials. Grain-boundary diffusion plays a key role in such practically important processes as Coble creep, sintering, diffusion induced grain boundary migration (DIGM), various discontinuous reactions, recrystallization and grain growth. The purpose of this Volume is to provide a collection of recent contributions in the field of structure, thermodynamics and diffusion properties of grain boundaries and interfaces. The Volume includes reviews of both experimental and theoretical studies carried out by well-recognized scientists whose publications are well-known and widely cited.

Description: Energy, and especially its minimization, are factors which govern all physical processes. Given sufficient time and thermal activation, for instance, grain boundaries will move so as to tend towards a regular array of 14-sided grains. When a grain boundary intercepts a surface, the energies of the surface and boundary govern the precise form of the triple-point. Regions of mismatch within the solid, especially those associated with dislocations, interfere with dislocation cross-slip and thereby affect mechanical properties. The present volume comprises a compilation of measured values of the energies of various planar defects in solids: including grain boundaries, stacking-faults, twins, etc. for a wide range of material groups: metals, semiconductors, oxides, carbides, diamond, graphite, nitrides, halides, ice, and various minerals. The 451 entries cover the period from 1958 to 2014.

Description: Zinc oxide, already used millennia ago as a medicine and as an adjunct to brass production, has assumed a new importance in the modern world because of its native n-type semiconducting properties. It has, for instance, a relatively large (3.3eV) band-gap at room temperature. This leads to higher breakdown voltages, resistance to high electric fields, lower electronic noise and superior performance at high temperatures and powers. The band-gap can also be tailored by alloying with magnesium or cadmium oxides. The material exhibits other useful properties, such as a good transparency, a high electron mobility and a strong room-temperature luminescence; all of which are invaluable to the manufacture of the liquid-crystal displays of modern consumer goods. The present compilation comprises nearly 500 accounts of research on the diffusional behaviour of dopants and on the defects present in the wurtzite or zincblende structures. It is hoped that this handy compendium of data will be of value to those working on the tailoring of ZnO properties; especially with regard to the controversies concerning its doping behaviour.

Description: The nickel aluminide intermetallic is a particularly useful alloy for application at high temperatures because, unlike most materials, it exhibits the unusual property of becoming stronger with increasing temperature: depending upon the minor alloying additions, the 0.2% yield strength peaks at between 600 and 800C. The reason for this anomalous behaviour can be traced to the effect of the superlattice structure upon diffusional mass transfer and defect motion. The present volume contains a compilation (350 items, 176 pages) of data specifically covering the known diffusion and defect properties of this material.

Description: This system, consisting of compositions lying between the end-members, CdTe and HgTe, constitutes perhaps the third most important semiconductor after Si and GaAs. Its importance stems from the ability to tailor the band-gap precisely between that (1.5eV) of the semiconductor, CdTe, and the zero value of the semi-metal, HgTe; giving, in particular, one of the most versatile infra-red detectors known. The intermediate compositions also benefit from the usual mechanisms which improve the mechanical properties of alloys.

Description: Mechanical spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique that is very well suited for studying the dynamics of singularities such as structural defects in solids. It has been successfully applied in solid state physics and materials science for more than fifty years, and the present textbook aims at summarising the state-of-the-art in this field by presenting recent results obtained in Western European laboratories. The contents are divided into nine chapters. Introduction to mechanical spectroscopy (Ch.1) is based on a complete description of the elastic, viscoelastic, and viscoplastic behaviours of solids. The anelastic response is analysed from three different viewpoints: phenomenology, rheology and thermodynamics.

Description: The volume contains 78 contributions to the important field of semiconductor defect control and defect engineering.

Description: The book covers various aspects of of diffusion: its fundamental nature, methodology of experimental and analytical techniques, and implications in modern technology.