Papers by Keyword: Thickness

Abstract: One type of hot mix asphalt that is commonly in flexible pavement types is the Asphalt Concrete - Wearing Course (AC-WC), this type of hot mix asphalt is a type of wear layer pavement which means this type of pavement is applied to the surface layer.It is regulated in the General Specifications of Bina Marga Year 2018 Revision 2. The method used is to take samples in the field, then measure the thickness of the sample. After that, laboratory tests were carried out, namely density to get density and marshal test to get quality. Then a comparison was made between the test results and the JMF plan. From the research results, it was found that there was a correlation between the thickness, density, and stability of the asphalt mixture. and the highest stability value was also obtained from the Marsal test results which were still below the specified standard.

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to enhance the performance of photoanode element in Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC) by using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique. Most of previous work related to photoanode enhancement have relied on the traditional method known as One Factor at a Time (OFAT), which has the limitation to evaluate the interaction effect for TiO₂ Thickness and dye molarity. To address this issue, RSM is used to model and optimize the performance of DSSC parameters by studying the relationship between two parameters namely TiO₂ film thickness and the concentration of N719 dye molarity . The RSM technique helps in finding the best mathematical model on how these parameters interact and affect the result of Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE). The result from this study shown that these two variables, TiO₂ film thickness at 10 µm and the concentration of N719 at 0.4mM are significant and generated the highest value of PCE at 2.86%, with high coefficient of determination R² (0.9983). The R² of 0.9983 is close to 1 shows the strong correlation between the variables TiO₂ film thickness and the concentration of N719 dye molarity.

Abstract: Recently, all inorganic perovskite solar cells have triggered great attention thanks to the rising performance during their development in solid state photovoltaics showing enhanced characteristics, such as: good stability, high photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable size, and morphology. In this work, a high open-circuit voltage solar cell based on all-inorganic perovskite through SCAPS simulator program is presented by analysing electron transport layer (ETL), perovskite layer, hole transport layer (HTL) thickness and doping density from a FTO/TiO₂/CsPbBr₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au structure were modified to observe its influence on solar cell performance. Therefore, simulation results show that a thicker ETL hinders carrier transport towards the FTO layer due to larger distance which leads to higher recombination rate, reducing carrier’s lifetime. Albeit high doping density values in ETL enhances the overall solar cell performance. As for the absorber layer, while its thickness increases, carrier collection rate decreases due to recombination impacting Voc, which results from thickness increase. Based on the results, solar cell efficiency improvement is attributed to the built-in electric field as absorber layer doping density increases. While HTL thickness has minimum impact on the solar cell output, doping density enhances device parameters significantly. Summarising the results obtained from thickness and doping density simulations, the optimal solar cell operation was obtained at 10 nm, 600 nm, and 100 nm layer thickness as well as 10²⁰ cm^-3, 10¹⁶ cm^-3, and 10²⁰ cm^-3 doping density (TiO₂, CsPbBr₃ and Spiro-OMeTAD). Results from three different sources, collected from literature, were used to compare, and fitting them along with simulation results.

Abstract: We verify experimentally to what extent the intensity of 3C-SiC TO peak in infrared reflectance spectrum can be used to estimate the thickness of extremely thin 3C-SiC epilayers on Si. The influence of several Si substrate characteristics (orientation, doping level, back-side surface preparation) on the peak calibration is discussed.

Abstract: Pattern collapse, also as known as leaning, has become one of the most common and challengeable defects in semiconductor manufacturing process due to device shrinkage. In single wafer wet cleaning, Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) rinse is widely used after Deionized Water (DIW) rinse. Fingering instabilities are observed at the mixing boundary of IPA and DIW, where dry spots are formed due to unbalanced capillary force amid patterns. Unlike previous DRAM devices, we have found that recent 1x-nm DRAM devices have become more vulnerable to pattern collapse induced by dry spots related to fingering instability. In this paper, we examine factors and phenomenon related to fingering-induced leaning through both experiments and simulation analysis. In addition, we also propose improved rinsing methods which could prevent fingering and related pattern collapse by adjusting nozzle configurations (i.e. speed, flow rate and etc.).

Abstract: Desiccation is the process of extreme drying that results in cracking in materials such as soils. Cracking is a complex process that has the potential to spread and penetrate deeper into the soil, which could lead to instability in earth structures like embankments. A number of desiccation tests were conducted to observe the crack behaviour of manufactured kaolin clay at laboratory scale. All samples were prepared at variation of initial water content and desiccation tests carried out using aluminium desiccation trays. Their crack behaviour was monitored at different thickness and comparison made to the samples tested on different base materials such as ceramic, steel and wood plates. The drying process, crack propagation and pattern were measured and observed daily. A digital image is captured and the crack intensity factor (CIF) calculated manually using a grid system. It was found that a sample of kaolin clay that was 5 mm thick had the highest CIF with rapid propagation and produced non-orthogonal patterns. It also discovered that the thickness of the samples, type of plates utilised and soil state at the start of the test have an impact on the formation and propagation of cracks.

Abstract: Aluminium-water reaction is one of the most promising ways to produce clean and economical hydrogen. In this study, the effect of the waste Aluminium foil AA1235 thickness on Aluminium-water reaction process was investigated. The thickness of aluminum used are 6.5 m, 11.5 m and 19.5 m. Aluminum foil was cut by size 20 mm x 30 mm in each thickness variation. The 0.4 M NaOH and 0.01 M NaAlO₂ was added as promoter on the process. The initial composition of the aluminum and the dislocations in the aluminum are also considered. The experimental results was evaluated by the mass reduction and shrinking core models. The initial composition of the aluminum and the dislocations in the aluminum are also considered. The experimental results were evaluated by the mass reduction and shrinking core models. The results obtained that aluminum with thinner thickness can be approximated by the 1-dimensional slab shrinking core model. Aluminum with a thicker thickness can be approached with a mass reduction model. It is also found out that smaller thickness has larger dislocation and better effects of NaAlO₂ resulting higher yield of hydrogen production.

Abstract: Currently, FBG sensor has been developed in many applications due to its wavelength is sensitive to pressure change. This study aims to analyze the FBG wavelength shifting due to an applied load. In this research, the FBG was placed transversely right in the middle of the specimen that was made by using silicon rubber with thicknesses of 7 mm and 14 mm. The FBG wavelength in the two specimens was investigated by an interrogator when the load is put on to the specimens in three variations: without load, 5 kg, and 10 kg. The result show that the shift of FBG wavelength in specimen with the same thickness is proportional to load increasing. Furthermore, the test specimen with a thickness of 7 mm is more sensitive than 14 mm. Accordingly, the specimen with a thickness of 7 mm is a good option to be used as a weight measurement system.

Abstract: Cover factor is defined as the ratio of the area covered by yarns to the total area of the fabric. This fabric’s characteristic is a basic construction parameter of woven cloth related to its end-use behaviour. Different authors are focused on studying the effect of the cover factor fabric on different properties of the fabric, like air permeability, ultraviolet protection, noise absorption and light transmission. However, the aim of this work is study the capacity of the weft to achieve a certain degree of coverage in the woven fabric, taking advantage of the warp's ability to allow light to pass through its own structure and the opacity of the weft.

Abstract: In this work, the insulating properties of nitride coatings against the hydrogen penetration into semi-finished or finished products made of VT6 titanium alloy during hydrogenation annealing have been studied. It has been established that an increase of the duration of titanium nitride deposition for more than 30 minutes leads to the formation of pores and cracks in the coating and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the «protective» properties of such coating. It is shown that during linear gradient structure creation, the nitride coating effectively “protects” alloy from penetration of up to 0.5 wt%. of hydrogen.