Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 145

Abstract: Considering the problem of weak relational expression between the components and parts leads to low configuration efficiency, which is based on structure product configuration, this paper proposes a combination of the rule and structure method. In the modeling process, this paper uses structure-based configuration method to describe structural information and rule-based configuration method to describe the restrained relation of components and parts, and enhances the constraint of the parts. In the solving process, this paper uses two-stage sequential searching method to search, and improves the ability of solution. Finally, this paper takes reducer as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

Abstract: The VHTP platform presented in this study is for computer mouse pattern transfer. Works needed to be completed before VHTP processes are listed as following: A specially-made mouse fixture is used, and a mouse shell is fixed on it for pattern decorations. Next, a multi-layer coated film is precisely fixed on the mouse fixture with the pattern on the film touched the mouse shell. Finally, the mouse fixture is moved onto the VHTP platform. This study is dedicated to making an innovative automated machine to replace the manpower as well as maintaining the same production rate and accuracy. The mechanism first used to separate the unwanted cover from the multi-layer film of decoration pattern is designed; our brand new design consumes less material and less cost than the existing film stripping mechanisms, which are mostly used in vacuum technology and adhesive tapes. After separation, the film was cut to remove part of the protective layer of the pattern film. Then, the film is moved to a stripping mechanism which is used to remove the protective layer of the film by clamping a portion of the film where the protective layer was cut in the previous process on the mouse fixture. The mouse fixture is then rotated to strip the film off the protection layer which is not been cut. In the mean time the film is precisely attached on the mouse fixture and covers the mouse fixture with the film. The automation of the VHTP is then completed.

Abstract: This study was to measure the sound pressure level distribution by ear canal resonance in the human left and right external auditory canals (EAC). The gain for different stimulus frequencies was analyzed at four different measuring depths (0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm) from the entrance of the ear canal bilaterally. Comparative evaluation showed that the gain for different stimulus frequencies at a depth of 2.0 cm was consistent with the results of Dillon’s study. In addition, the gain for the right EAC at 4000 Hz was larger than that of the left EAC by 1.2 dB at 0.5 cm, 1.8 dB at 1.0 cm, and 0.8 dB at 1.5 cm. This seems to suggest that gain at 4000 Hz is more affected by depth in the right EAC than in the left EAC. This study further found that the gain at the stimulus frequency of 4000 Hz was more affected by the depth than at 2000 Hz for the bilateral ear canals respectively. These gain differences between the right and left ears were statistically significant (p<0.05) at any of four measuring depths. The findings of this study may have an understanding of gain distribution to have implications for microphone placement of custom-made bilateral hearing aids (i.e. ITC or CIC) as these are placed at different depths within the ear canal. Keywords: Sound pressure level; Canal depth; Ear canal resonance; Real ear measurement; External auditory canal

Abstract: To achieve high enzymatic hydrolytic efficiency of corncob residue, one strain, Trichoderma C1067, with the enzyme activity of corncob residue as high as 4.5g/L glucose liberated per hour in 0.5mL crude cellulase and 0.5mL citric acid /sodium citrate buffer under the assay conditions, was carefully studied. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources used in the fermentation medium are as follows: corncob residues 2.0%, wheat bran 1.5%, corncob 0.5%, rice straw 0.5%, peptone 0.1% and corn steep liquor 4%. The optimal conditions of saccharification for corncob are 55°C and pH 4.0. The sugars gained in the hydrolysate consist of glucose 4.1% and xylose 0.4% after enzymolysis for 72h, tested by capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose an interactive remote control system using image processing technique for three dimensional displays. In order to control three dimensional displays, we present an algorithm based on gestures recognition. Then we adopt cell-based design flow and 0.18μm TSMC single poly and six metals processing to perform the system chip. Besides, the SMIMS FPGA development board is used to achieve the system. The results prove the performance reaching the well quality of interactive remote control system for three dimensional displays.

Abstract: In the nuclear power plant (NPP) safety, the safety analysis of the NPP is very important work. In Fukushima NPP event, due to the earthquake, the cooling system of the spent fuel pool failed and the safety issue of the spent fuel pool generated. After Fukushima NPP event, INER (Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, R.O.C.) performed the safety analysis of the spent fuel pool for Chinshan NPP which also assumed the cooling system of the spent fuel pool failed. The geometry of the Chinshan NPP spent fuel pool is 12.17 m × 7.87 m × 11.61 m and the initial condition is 60 ¢J / 1.013 × 10⁵ Pa. In general, the NPP safety analysis is performed by the thermal hydraulic codes. The advanced thermal hydraulic code named TRACE for the NPP safety analysis is developing by U.S. NRC. Therefore, the safety analysis of the spent fuel pool for Chinshan NPP is performed by TRACE. Besides, this safety analysis is also performed by CFD. The analysis result of TRACE and CFD are similar. The results show that the uncovered of the fuels occur in 2.7 days and the metal-water reaction of the fuels occur in 3.5 days after the cooling system failed.

Abstract: In this paper, an unthrottled camless engine model, which equipped electromagnetic valvetrain (EMV), has been built for performance simulation of engine dynamics. The combination of the techniques of cylinder deactivation (CDA) and variable valve timing (VVT) has been examined for different engine speeds and engine loads. The results concluded that the mode of two-cylinder deactivation considerably improves the fuel consumption at low engine load. Meanwhile, the one-cylinder deactivation mode is an optimal fuel economy mode for medium engine load. The normal engine mode fairly satisfies the driving torque and fuel economy in a vehicle, and thus it fits the optimal mode for the full loads. Additionally, the results also show that the optimal intake valve closing (IVC) timing for different engine speeds and loads. The IVC timing depends on engine speed linearly while the optimal IVC timing insignificantly changes at different engine loads when CDA is applied. By the determined CDA-VVT strategy, a camless unthrottled engine can maintain high efficiency operation for different speeds and loads.

Abstract: This paper presents finite element approaches to the strength assessment of a pallet having repeated lattice pattern. The pallet is made of recycled plastics similar to high density polyethylene (HDPE). Due to the nature of repeat, the direct full 3D finite element model consumes tremendous computational resource for analysis and hence is far inefficient. A full 3D model using brick elements is created as a benchmark for comparison. Three other models contain shell elements, beam elements and bricks, representing the plate, stringers and ribs of the pallet. A last model using substructure scheme with super-elements is created to conduct the structural analysis of the pallet. The results of this study discloses that the substructural method employing superelements gives the least percent error and is advantageous over either the benchmark model or the rest models proposed in the present study.

Abstract: This study constructed a 3D finite element model of temporal bone non-invasively, based on the computed tomography scan image of an in vivo temporal bone. To observe the geometry and measurements of the temporal bone, the finite element model was built using ANSYS^®. The finite element model involved two phases. The first phase entailed discussing the natural vibration frequencies and vibration mode of the temporal bone. The second phase involved investigating the harmonic response. The base center and center line were established in the external auditory meatus and the 0 degree direction, respectively. The amplitude force was applied along the center line and at 15 degrees from center line and at distances of 30 mm, 35 mm, and 40 mm from the center point of ear canal. The amplitude of the bone-anchored hearing aids was approximately 550 g when stimulated by the vibrator. This paper discusses the frequency responses and characteristics of the BAHA vibrator on the mastoid of the temporal bone at the frequencies of 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 750 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 5 kHz, 6 kHz, 7 kHz, 8 kHz. Based on the results of conducting modal analysis of the temporal bone, 11 natural frequencies, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 750 Hz, 1 k Hz, 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 5 kHz, 6 kHz, and 7 kHz, included the stimuli frequencies of pure tone audiometry. Based on the results obtained by conducting harmonic analysis of the temporal bone, the performance of bone conduction at 35 mm and at 15 degrees was higher than those at 0 and -15 degrees.

Abstract: The streak tube imaging lidar (STIL) system is a new 3D imaging technology that can obtain a complete frame image of the target with only one laser pulse and it has many advantages such as high frame rate, big field of view and so on over the scanning-mechanism system. The principle of the experiment will be introduced firstly and the pre-process of the data will be simply discussed, such as correction of image distortion, the noise filter and image enhancement, data segmentation and so on. All the methods to the above data pre-process are specially adopted for the STIL system. The range of the target, the time of the photoelectron flight and the range of the target image on the phosphor screen have a linear relationship and it will be proved; according this, a mathematical model to reconstruct the 3D image is put forward and the algorithm to calculate the relative range of the target is confirmed. Based on the model and the algorithm, a program in the VC++ and matlab environment to analyze the lidar data, reconstruct and display the 3D image of the target is compiled. The result verifies the model and the algorithm effective.