Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 204-208

Abstract: Village land continually changes in the real world. In order to keep the data up-to-date, data producers need update the data frequently. When the village land data are updated, the update information must be dispensed to the end-users to keep their client-databases current. In the real world, village land changes in many forms. Identifying the change type of village land (i.e. captures the semantics of change) and representing them in the data world can help end-users understand the change commonly and be convenient for end-users to integrate these change information into their databases. This work focuses on the model of the spatio-temporal change. A three-tuple model CAR for representing the spatio-temporal change is proposed based on the village land feature set before change and the village land feature set after change, change type and rules. In this model, the C denotes the change type. A denotes the attribute set; R denotes the judging rules of change type. The rule is described by the IF－THEN expressions. By the operations between R and A, the C is distinguished. This model overcomes the limitations of current methods. And more, the rules in this model can be easy realized in computer program.

Abstract: The cross-section of Hydraulic engineering (river, embankment) is a kind of cross section which is always perpendicular to the river direction. Section line is a straight line which is created by connecting two endpoint of the section. Cross-section measurements is that collecting a coordinate point (X, Y, H) on the section line every a certain distance. Field measurement, due to the influence of the external environment, especially when measured in the river, is difficult to ensure that the location of the measurement point exactly on the straight line shown in the section. The reason is that tracking ship traveling along with the section will be impacted by the water, resulting in the offset along the flow direction. Therefore we must to constantly adjust the direction of travel in the measurement process. For which the measurement data should be processed. So it is necessary to deal with the measurement data, and the idea of visual data was proposed in the paper, which is easier to analyze the accuracy of the measurement data. The BUFFER analysis method was used in the data processing, which effectively removed measurement invalid point that far away from the cross-section in measurement and improved the accuracy of the cross-section data processing. On the other hand, the effective pedal point coordinates was used in the calculation of the plane location of cross-section point. The coordinate which can make the cross-section data more realistic and different from the translation of point and uniform distribution algorithm closeted to the effective point of measurement. The method that the elevation of pedal point on the cross section calculated using the distance weighted interpolation method has been applied in the measurement process of several rivers. It is proved in practice that the method got good results and achieved the accuracy of the data and quality which the application sector requirements on.

Abstract: Accurately estimating the deformation of dangerous rock is an important work for surveyors. Aiming at the limitation of the traditional GM (1,1) model, we propose that the error term in GM(1,1) model have an important influence on this model’s precision and adaptability. From this point of view, a novel new model termed SRGM (1, 1) is proposed. In this proposed model, the work modifies the algorithm of GM (1, 1) by integrate within semi-parametric regression model to eliminate the error term resulted from the traditional calculation of background value and initial value. According to the experimental results, our proposed SRGM (1, 1) model obviously can improve the precision of prediction and therefore can be adopted to deformation data analysis.

Abstract: Based on the pile - anchor structure soil between piles,the unified strength theory is introdued in the strength analysis of soil arching between the piles, and parabolic soil arching computational model is uniformly distributed loads ,which are given to meet the soil between piles arch static equilibrium conditions and intensity of conditions , pile spacing formula. Compared with calculations based on the pile spacing of the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion , the proposed method can consider the contribution of the intermediate principal stress on the strength of the soil arch , the results are more in line with the actual characters of the supporting structure .

Abstract: This study aims at classifying the sky at Shah Alam, Malaysia (3° 3.82´N, 101° 29.50´ E). Measurements of sky luminance and sky radiance were made at a chosen location in Shah Alam. The measurements were done by using a sky scanner. This equipment tracked 145 points of sky hemisphere. Field measurements were made during the periods of October to December 2010 and between January, July and August 2011. The luminance and radiance data were converted to illuminance and irradiance. The sky ratio and Perez clearness index were then calculated. It was confirmed that the sky at Shah Alam is mostly of the partly cloudy or intermediate type. During the measurement period, the maximum mean monthly hourly irradiation was more than 200 W/m2 and the maximum mean monthly hourly illuminance exceeded 20klux.

Abstract: Settlement marks the crucial spatial form for human survival, while rural settlement serves as concentrated reflection of relationship between human and land in mountainous areas. The upper reaches of Min River is not only a multi-ethnic neighborhood, but also a typical eco-environmental vulnerable area as well as the prone area for mountain hazards. Taking SPOT-5 images as the significant data source for spatial analysis, this paper, in accordance with the different geographical positions that rural settlements are located, classifies rural settlement into three types: valley settlement, slope surface settlement and mountain settlement, aiming at boundary characteristics of which the paper confirms symbol for their remote sensing interpretation. With the combined approach of field survey and remote sensing interpretation, the paper finds out that in study area, there are 1667 natural settlements under 625 administrative villages, density of which is 0.025km2, and settlement distribution in this region enjoys the features of dispersity, low density as well as small scale.

Abstract: The three-dimensional coordinates monitoring system to underground pipeline using IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensing technique was developed. Three-dimensional coordinates obtained from the developed system were compared with three-dimensional coordinates obtained from using total stations and levels. when compared with the results, maximum error of the horizontal and vertical positions were 7cm ,14cm respectively. In our Country, tolerance error of underground utility surveying is ± 30cm. Therefore, the developed system is expected to be utilized the underground pipeline location surveying .

Abstract: This essay presents the development history, field of application, research status, and its main products of the technology of ground penetrating radar, and it also discusses the major issues that be faced with by the technology of ground penetrating radar as well as its development direction in the future.

Abstract: This paper briefly introduces the principle and method of GPR, as well as the related manual during the application process. Then a case in karstic region is presented. This paper is aimed at giving some guidance to the application of GPR on geophysical prospecting for the building foundation in karstic region.

Abstract: The method of surveying data processing about engineering distortion was investigated. While a suited method selected, we must get known some identified prior information according to our professional experience. The surveying data processing is thought as changing information entropy and a new data processing method based on entropy is set forward. An example was applied to confirm the superiority to classical methods.