Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 204-208

Abstract: Primary consequences of fire hazards include personnel injuries, fatalities and/or facility and equipment damage due to high air temperatures, radiant heat fluxes or direct contact with flames. Many methods have been proposed to evaluate the thermal radiation incident on a target. This paper presents a survey of thermal models that can be used in quantitative consequence analysis and recommends a model that should be used to examine accident-related hazards. The capabilities of the existing conventional empirical models for estimating the incident thermal radiation from fireballs and jet fires were thoroughly evaluated by conducting several field trials. First, it was found that for estimating a fireball’s diameter, duration and surface emissive power in the downwind location, the TNO (The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research) model should be employed. Second, for estimating surface emissive power from fireballs in the crosswind location and incident thermal radiation power absorbed by the target located in the fireball’s diameter, the CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers) solid flame model is proposed. Third, for estimating incident thermal radiation from fireballs one diameter away and elevations of fireballs, the Roberts point source model is recommended. Finally, for estimating incident thermal radiation from jet fires and flame length, the TNO model is suggested.

Abstract: On the basis of the statistics data extracted from underground hazards in “A” region of Yuan Shi oilfield, and with casing failures as an example, engineering hazards such as sand production, casing damages etc. in different geological structures are compared and distinguished. A detailed examination of their relationship is conducted in terms of mineral composition, sedimentary facies and other reservoir aspects. The triggering mechanism of engineering hazards is also theorized. Especially, under water injection, the effect of geological structures on engineering hazards is illustrated. Finally, engineering hazards prevention and minimization measures are presented. The latter include: 1) the shallow underground water must be fine filtered with oxygen removed & sterilized, and water pipelines corroded in the entire process; 2) reduce the casing pipe intensity by injected water corrosion.

Abstract: Based on the analysis of the environmental risk characteristics of freeway dangerous chemicals transportation accidents, the environmental risk source control system, which combined the initiative prevention system and passive protection system, are proposed, and the relative subsystems are also elaborated in this article. The risk sources information transfer subsystem is composed by the security regulation platform of regional dangerous goods transportation and highway monitoring and communication system, and the function of the subsystem is transferring the public information between the highway and regional dangerous goods transportation security supervisory. Environmental risk sources prevention subsystem is comprised by the main engineering structures and traffic safety facilities, and the services of environmental accident risk defending platform, which composed by the runoff gathering facilities and reservoir.

Abstract: Coal mine waste dump often occur landslide and collapse disasters, the prevention measures and stability analysis of the waste dump must be studied.Firstly,the major factors that can cause landslide in Nantong coal mine waste dump,Chongqing were analyzed,secondly,the stability of four geological cross sections were analyzed by the limiting equilibrium method and FLAC numerical simulation method,the conclusions from two methods are same,and the conclusion is the safety factors of cross sections A and C are smallest and landslide and debris flow disasters will occur easily when face with a long heavy rainfall.thirdly, according to the main factors that can cause waste dump landslide easily and combine with the analysis results of limit equilibrium method and discrete element numerical simulation seven prevention measures were proposed, these measures can provide references for similar waste dump.

Abstract: Our country is one of the countries that with serious geological disasters,every year we loss nearly twenty billion yuan and hundreds of people dead because of it. Bazimen landslide is one of them.Based on the research of Engineering geological characteristics，formation mechanism，failure mode and later change trend of Zigui county Bazimen landslide in Three gorges reservoir area,we put forward the warning construction scheme of landslide monitoring, introduce the layout of monitoring network and the construction technical requirements of all kinds of deformation monitoring,it can be refered to by other landslide monitoring projects.

Abstract: The bond strength between particles influences the impact process of the landslip-collapse soil and the impact forms to the monitor wall. The first time of impact force to the monitor wall is same basically since the landslip-collapse soil moves along slope from the same position, but there is some difference since the difference of the bond strength between particles. The starting time of continue impacting to the monitor wall is delayed with the increating of the bond strength, but which is bring forward when the bond strength over 103kPa. The max impact force increases with the bond strength increasing.

Abstract: The residential building is a critical factor to reflect the relations between human and natural environment, and it is required that the residential design is more flexible, healthier and more environmentally friendly and is capable of fully responding to the demands and changes in family life and harmonizing with the environment, as the time goes on and progresses, the concept of “Sustainable & Open Residence” (SOR) has been promoted and applied by many countries, also attracted considerable attentions in the process of the China's Housing Industrialization. The paper discusses how to achieve such the “Sustainability” and “Open” in residential design based on the author’s understanding on SOR under the current conditions in China, a architect should take the initiative to adopt a number of architectural design method to achieve the sustainability and open in residential building design.

Abstract: Based on the Geo-Model of GIS, the article researches the large scale modeling method for buildings in historic conservation area. Based on this model and the hotlink function of GIS, the method can efficiently manage and store the historic building attributes such as building name, age, historical value, multimedia information such as photographs and videos, and archive documents about historical events, drawings, protection issues, etc. The method support convenient and visual information utilization, including information analysis, 3D scene browse, thematic map, animation of historical evolution, etc. The application in Luojia Hill historic conservation area proves that the method has the character of high efficiency in modeling, good effect in information management, low workload, and convenience in use.

Abstract: This paper simulated 3-D virtual construction environment to achieve visualization of the building construction process by using the CATIA and DELMIA software. It confirmed the best construction program through comparing the advantages and disadvantages from multiple the construction programs for the aim of improving the constructability of the construction program.

Abstract: This paper analyzed the results and the status of China's building energy efficiency, explored the new areas of building energy in future: the building industrialization. Moreover, some types of building industrialization and their advantages such as energy-saving, environmental protection, waste usage, economy, and higher industrialization were introduced. As long as some problems and deficiencies are overcome, building industrialization would promote the building energy efficiency to achieve “Four saving and Environment protection” enormously in China.