[1]
R. K. Malhotra, P. Jain, A. Chopra and M. Maheshwari, Effect of bio-diesel blends on performance and exhaust emission in passenger car, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2005, paper number 2005-26-032.
DOI: 10.4271/2005-26-032
Google Scholar
[2]
F. Payri, V. Macián, J. Arrègle, B. Tormos and JL Martínez, Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Measurements for Biodiesel (from Cooking Oil) Blends Used in the ECOBUS Project, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2005, paper number 2005-01-2205.
DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-2205
Google Scholar
[3]
T. Basavaraja, R. P. Reddy and V. Swamy, Effect of injection pressure on emission performance of bio-diesel and its blends, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2005, paper number 2005-26-030.
DOI: 10.4271/2005-26-030
Google Scholar
[4]
E. Verhaeven, L. Pelkmans, L. Govaerts, R. Lamers, F. Theunissen, Results of demonstration and evaluation projects of biodiesel from rapeseed and used frying oil on light and heavy duty vehicles, SAE Technical Paper Series, paper number 2005-01-2201.
DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-2201
Google Scholar
[5]
U.S. Department of Energy (n. d), Alternative and Advanced Fuels. Retrieved on 14th June, 2012, from U.S. Department of Energy official website: http: /www. afdc. energy. gov/afdc/fuels/biodiesel. html.
Google Scholar
[6]
Yahoo Education, (n. d), Biodiesel. Retrieved on 14th June, 2012, from Yahoo Education official website: http: /education. yahoo. com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/biodiesel.
Google Scholar
[7]
Biodiesel. Retrieved on 26th of December 2012, from biodiesel. org official website: http: /www. biodiesel. org/what-is-biodiesel/biodiesel-basics.
Google Scholar
[8]
V. Pradeep and R. P. Sharma, Evaluation of performance, emission and combustion parameters of a CI engine fuelled with bio-diesel from rubber seed oil and its blends, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2005, paper number 2005-26-353.
DOI: 10.4271/2005-26-353
Google Scholar
[9]
J. Patterson, M. G. Hassan, A. Clarke, G . Shama, K. Hellgardt and R. Chen, Experimental Study of DI Diesel Engine Performance Using Three Different Biodiesel Fuels, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2006, paper number 2006-01-0234.
DOI: 10.4271/2006-01-0234
Google Scholar
[10]
M. Alam, J. Song, R. Acharya, A. Boehman and K. Miller, Combustion and Emissions Performance of Low Sulfur, Ultra Low Sulfur and Biodiesel Blends in a DI Diesel Engine, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2004, paper number 2004-01-3024.
DOI: 10.4271/2004-01-3024
Google Scholar
[11]
S. Chuepeng, A. Tsolakis, K. Theinnoi, H. M. Xu and M. L. Wyszynski and J. Qiao, A Study of Quantitative Impact on Emissions of High Proportion RME-Based Biodiesel Blends, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2007, paper number 2007-01-0072.
DOI: 10.4271/2007-01-0072
Google Scholar
[12]
X. Zhang, G. G. L. Li, Z. Wu, Z. Hu and J. Deng, Characteristics of Combustion and Emissions in a DI Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Blends from Soybean Oil, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2008(a), paper number 2008-01-1832.
DOI: 10.4271/2008-01-1832
Google Scholar
[13]
C. N. Grimaldi, L. Postrioti and M. Battistoni, Common Rail HSDI Diesel Engine Combustion and Emissions with Fossil / Bio-Derived Fuel Blends, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2002, paper number 2002-01-0865.
DOI: 10.4271/2002-01-0865
Google Scholar
[14]
L. Xiaoming, G. Yunshan, W. Sijin and H. Xiukun An Experimental Investigation on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Turbocharged DI Engines Fueled with Blends of Biodiesel, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2005, paper number 2005-01-2199.
DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-2199
Google Scholar
[15]
S. S. Bhusnoor, M. K. G. Babu and J. P. Subrahmanyam, Studies on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a CI Engine Operating on Diesel and Diesel Biodiesel Blends at Different Injection Pressures and Injection Timings, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2007, paper number 2007-01-0613.
DOI: 10.4271/2007-01-0613
Google Scholar
[16]
F. E. B. Nigro, M. A. Trielli and C. M. da Costa, Emission characteristics of a diesel engine operating with biodiesel and blends, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2007, paper number 2007-01-2635.
DOI: 10.4271/2007-01-2635
Google Scholar
[17]
S.C. Kong and A. Kimber, Effects of Biodiesel Blends on the Performance of Large Diesel Engines, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2008, paper number 2008-01-1389.
DOI: 10.4271/2008-01-1389
Google Scholar
[18]
X. Zhang, H. W. L. Li, Z. Wu, Z. Hu and H. Zhao, Characteristics of Particulates and Exhaust Gases Emissions of DI Diesel Engine Employing Common Rail Fuel System Fueled with Bio-diesel Blends, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2008(b), paper number 2008-01-1834.
DOI: 10.4271/2008-01-1834
Google Scholar
[19]
P. Bielaczyc and A. Szczotka, A Study of RME-Based Biodiesel Blend Influence on Performance, Reliability and Emissions from Modern Light-Duty Diesel Engines, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2008, paper number 2008-01-1398.
DOI: 10.4271/2008-01-1398
Google Scholar
[20]
I. K. Reksowardojo, I. H. Lubis, Wishnu Manggala S.A., T. P. Brodjonegoro, T. H. Soerawidjaja, W. Arismunandar, N. N. Dung, H. Ogawa, Performance and Exhaust Gas Emissions of Using Biodiesel Fuel from Physic Nut (Jatropha Curcas L. ) Oil on a Direct Injection Diesel Engine (DI), SAE Technical Paper Series, 2007, paper number 2007-01-(2025).
DOI: 10.4271/2007-01-2025
Google Scholar
[21]
S. Suryanarayanan, V. M. Janakiraman, J. Sekar, G. L. N. Rao and S. Sampath, Determination of the Proportion of Blend of Biodiesel with Diesel for Optimal Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2006, paper number 2006-01-3534.
DOI: 10.4271/2006-01-3534
Google Scholar
[22]
I. Kim, G. Hyun, S. Goto and R. Ehara, Spray Characteristics of DMEBlended Biodiesel Oil, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001, paper number 2001-01-3636.
DOI: 10.4271/2001-01-3636
Google Scholar
[23]
T. Shudo, K. Hiraga and H. Ogawa, Mechanisms in Reducing Smoke and NOx from BDF Combustion by Ethanol Blending and EGR, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2007, paper number 2007-01-0622.
DOI: 10.4271/2007-01-0622
Google Scholar
[24]
K. Saini, (n. d), Effect of environmental pollutants on human health. Retrieved on 14th June, 2012, from Environment About official website: http: /www. environmentabout. com/723/effect-of-environmental-pollutants-on-human-health.
Google Scholar
[25]
C. Clover, (2007, June 10), Malaysia defends palm oil production. Retrieved on 14th June, 2012, from The Telegraph official website: http: /www. telegraph. co. uk/earth/earthnews/3296977/Malaysia-defends-palm-oil-production. html.
Google Scholar
[26]
R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, H. Xu, M. L. Wyszynski, A. Tsolakis, Effect of Air Intake Pressure Drop on Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Operating with Biodiesel and Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD)", International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ, 09), (2009).
DOI: 10.24084/repqj07.504
Google Scholar
[27]
R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, H. Xu, M. L. Wyszynski, A. Tsolakis, Effect of Fuel Temperature on Performance and Emissions of a Common Rail Diesel Engine Operating with Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME), SAE Technical Paper Series, 2009, Paper Number 2009-01-1896.
DOI: 10.4271/2009-01-1896
Google Scholar
[28]
R. Mamat, A. F. Yusop, A. A. Abdullah, A. Aziz and N. R. Abdullah, Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation System and Air Temperature on Exhaust Emission of a Diesel Engine Operating with Biodiesel, Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy Vol. 6, 1–3, (2012).
DOI: 10.1166/jbmb.2013.1346
Google Scholar
[29]
R. Mamat, A. F. Yusop, A. A. Abdullah, A. Aziz and N. R. Abdullah, Characteristic of Biodiesel Fuel Derived from Palm Oil, Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, Vol. 6, 1–4, (2012).
DOI: 10.1166/jbmb.2013.1345
Google Scholar