Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 459

Abstract: A bionic water strider model was designed and fabricated, which has four supporting legs with length of 52mm. Supporting legs were made of copper wire with diameter of 0.45mm, through superhydrophobic treatment for copper surface, whose contact angle is 154.3 °. By experimental measurement, the maximum supporting force of bionic water strider model on water surface is 28.5mN, which is 5.6 times its own weight. Adjusting supporting legs spacing, it can affect supporting force of the bionic water strider model on water surface. Experimental determination, the distance of the supporting legs should be larger than 8mm.

Abstract: This paper studied wettability of water strider’s typical part, contact angle of water strider’s leg, abdomen, back and wing was measured by the contact angle measuring instrumen, which were 161.5°,156.3°,157.6°and 156.4°respectively, they showed superhydrophobic. Microstructure of water strider’s leg, abdomen, back and wing was observed through scanning electron microscopy, It found that 4 typical parts of water strider are composite structure of micron scale and nano-scale, although their forms is different, they have reached the super-hydrophobic effect.

Abstract: this paper studied superhydrophobic of water strider, water flies, water mosquitoes and water spiders legs, their contact angle were measured by the contact angle measuring instrumen, which were 161.5°,158.4°, 155.3° and 159.6° respectively, they are all superhydrophobic. Microstructure of water strider, water flies, water mosquitoe and water spiders leg was observed through scanning electron microscopy, It found that 4 typical planing animals leg are composite structure of micron scale and nanoscale, although their forms is different, they have reached the super-hydrophobic effect.

Abstract: We provide here a simplified mechanochemical model to describe the role of substrate stiffness in mediating the chemical reactions between integrins on cell membrane and ligands immobilized on the substrate. By taking into account the energy input for integrin activation on a compliant substrate, Our simulation shows that integrin activation and the downstream integrin clustering can be regulated by substrate stiffness in a value-dependent manner, which is consistent with previous experimental studies.

Abstract: Road pollutant emissions are correlated mainly to infrastructural capacity and to traffic intensity and typology. With the aim to improve road intersections performances in the last years was designed many new geometric layouts, like turbo roundabouts and flower roundabouts. The main objective of this paper is carried out a comparative analysis between conventional and innovative roundabouts in terms of CO, CO₂, NO and PM_2,5 vehicular emissions, evaluated by means of COPERT Software which is developed as a European tool for the calculation of emissions from the road transport sector.

Abstract: The C-roundabout (cyclist roundabout) is a new multi-lane roundabout designed to improve the safety of cyclists at and make multi-lane roundabouts more cyclist-friendly. The geometric layout of C-Roundabouts allows the decrease of the vehicle speeds through the roundabout to around 30 km/h. The rare C-roundabout installations so far implemented in the world have not allowed analysing the capacity by means empirical data. In the light of this considerations, the main objective of the paper is to give a theoretical closed-form model for evaluation the measures of effectiveness MOE (capacity, delay, queues) of the C-Roundabouts.

Abstract: Unstable rock is the typical geological disaster in areas of highway, city and mine. Energy from rupture of unstable rock passes around by excitation wave, which produces significant excitation effect to adjacent unstable rock, and which is one of important reasons to cause the cascading collapse. By the method of wave mechanics calculation equation of peak velocity from unstable rock caused by rest energy through interface between unstable rocks was deduced and established. Based on the rule of Sweden and Canmet, authors proposed damage criteria of unstable rock under excitation effect. According to damage mechanics, authors set up estimation method of microcrack being likely activated to rest unstable rock under excitation effect. Example analysis shows that problem considering excitation damage is an important way of promoting the scientific and transient security analysis of unstable rock. Research results have a positive significance for science reveals of unstable rock failure mechanism.

Abstract: According to the existing specifications, design shallow embedded column foot of 500kV self-supporting partially prestressed reactive powder concrete pole, and perform numerical simulation of column foot stress under actual working condition by using finite element analysis software ANSYS WORKBENCH. Results show that the mechanical characteristic of shallow embedded column foot is good. It can well transmit larger axial pressure, pulling resistance and horizontal force generated by top load of RPC pole. Through the simulation analysis we found that shallow embedded column foot has high safety reliable degree under operation condition, can be used in the current 500 kV transmission lines; In terms of construction technology performance, construction of shallow embedded column foot is simple and quick, can effectively reduce the complexity of construction, shorten the construction period.

Abstract: In Chinese transmission towers, all the steels are equilateral angle, most of the diagonal and secondary members are in one-sided bolt connection working condition, so the force is eccentric. When the length within a certain range, relative to the equilateral angle, non-equilateral angle steel under this working condition to be able to withstand a larger load, and the ability to cross-sectional area smaller, reducing the weight of the whole base tower. In order to solve the above problems, through research and analysis of large-scale finite element software ANSYS diagonal and secondary members for transmission tower angle steel model length which can be equilateral angle replaced non-equilateral angle steel. Eventually found that when the length is small long side is connected to non-equilateral angle steel are available, and when the length is bigger short side is connected to non-equilateral angle steel are available.

Abstract: A turbo roundabout is a particular type of roundabout where all lanes are bounded by traffic signs and by non-mountable curbs installed at entering and circulating lanes. Turbo roundabouts also have a very particular shape to accomplish the splitting of traffic streams and to prevent cars weaving through. These aspects make turbo-roundabouts more appropriate than roundabouts when a higher level of safety has to be guaranteed, particularly in presence of relevant pedestrian and two-wheels traffic volumes. Only in some traffic conditions, turbo roundabouts can offer higher capacities than conventional double-lanes roundabouts, so if more capacity must be guarantee a bypass lane can be added to the turbo roundabouts layout. This paper presents a closed-form model for the estimation of capacity, delays and level of service of turbo-roundabout equipped with Right-turn bypass lanes, considering the effect of geometric slip lane schemes, control type, vehicular and pedestrian flow.