Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 522-524

Abstract: The production and consumption of products and services exert much pressure on hydrological cycle. Water footprint is a popular indicator quantifying both direct and indirect water use of a product or service. In this article, water footprints were calculated for three milk products, 180g Yogurt, 250mL Fluid milk and 400g Skim milk powder (SMP) at product brand (YiYi^®) level. The process LCA-based water footprint method was applied using primary production data, with both volumetric and stress-weighted results reported. Water footprint values were compared among different life cycle stages and products, and possible mitigation strategies to minimize the burden on freshwater systems from consumptive water use were raised. The results demonstrated the suitability of water footprint as streamlined indicator for product sustainability management and affirmed the importance of farming stage for water footprint reduction.

Abstract: Risk assessment of debris flow is the core content for debris flow disaster forecasting and prevention work. And then, risk assessment of debris flow also becomes the key method in potential debris flow hazards forecast. However, kinds of hazard-affected indictors will be referred during the risk assessment process. In this study, set pair analysis model for risk assessment of the debris flow gully in Tibet southeast is established. With the model final outputs, it can successfully solve the problem of considering all the weight values of the hazard-affected indictors in debris flow evaluation system. Finally, risk assessment of typical debris flow gullies in Tibet southeast area are conducted out by the set pair analysis model, and the model outputs also give a well agreement to the actual.

Abstract: As a typical quasi-public product, decentralized wastewater recycling has been inadequate in western region of China. In this paper, it is analyzed and compared different supply models of quasi-public products under private participation. Evolutionary game theory has been introduced to calculate the optimal cooperation point under budget constraints. Based on the study, the suggestions for development of quasi-public products under private participation are provided.

Abstract: To investigate the effects of vegetation on flow Reynolds stress and turbulence intensity,an experiment was performed with plastic rods and artificial waterweeds in a slope-variable laboratory flume; an acoustic Doppler velocimeter was used to measure the instantaneous velocity at different points on the vertical line under different conditions; Turbulence parameters at each measuring point were calculated, such as Reynolds stress and turbulence intensity; The effects of vegetation on flow structures were analyzed through comparison with the turbulence characteristics of uniform open channel flows without vegetation distribution. The experimental results show that the turbulent constant Reynolds stress layer exists in water flows with vegetation distribution compared with the water flows without vegetation distribution. Without vegetation distribution, the viscous shear stress at the flume bed mainly affects the area between the bed and the level at a depth about 30% of the water depth. With vegetation distribution, the effect of the viscous shear stress at the bed weakens.The highest flow turbulence intensity with vegetation distribution occurs within the range of vegetation height.

Abstract: In this study, a new type of energy converting system is developed and installed in an offshore platform structure to take the advantage of strong motion of the platform subjected to waves. It is a device that by utilizing the sloshing power of the fluid stored in a U-shape tube, the turbine of the electric power generator is driven and electricity can be generated. By following previous experimental studies in basic vibration behavior for the FSWECS device that under various periods and amplitudes of the stroke in the experimental tests, can effectively convert vibration motion into electricity power, a further test for the effectiveness of energy converted from the FSWECS device was performed in a water-tank. Parameters identified in previous studies including the natural periods of the FSWECS device, the strokes of the vibration and the relationship between the amount of the liquid filled in the tube and the dynamic character of the device are further studied when subjected to a simulated wave.

Abstract: The stable isotope composition of river water contains some information of water cycle and climatic factors, such as precipitation, evaporation and temperature. Oxygen isotopes in river water were monitored at one site in Jinxiuchuang basin of Jinan southern mountain.δ¹⁸O values of river water show a variation from-7.82 on July 6 to-9.98 on June 6. The result reveals that the river water was mainly supplied by the precipitation. The isotopic variations at Jinxiuchuan river have strong precipitation patterns owning to different rainfall in summer.

Abstract: The stable isotope compositions of soil water from the profiles at Jinan southern mountain reveal information about the mechanism of soil movement. The stable isotopes in soil water have a wide range from-8.92 to-5.95 forδ¹⁸O and-50.01 to-79.44 forδD . The mean isotope values is-7.75 forδ¹⁸O and 65.84 forδD. The low-δD of shallow (<5cm) soil water is due to the precipitation infiltration. And deep soil water (>5cm) is enrichment, which indicates the soil water is evaporated before recharging. The stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope are plotted near the meteoric water line. The trend line for the relationship between δ¹⁸O and δD of soil water is given.

Abstract: Restoration of eco-river took advantage of double river canal, tegular dam, and wetland system to purify wastewater from Hefeng village. The river flood control standard could meet 50-year flood with double river canals. And tegular dams were piled up of eco-bags which could come into buds and plants. They divided the river into 5 wetlands. In the wetland, bacterial was oxidized and decomposed, and algae carried out photosynthesis. Diversified aquatic vegetation and animal were introduced. They formed intricate food chains to degradate organisms and assimilate inorganic substance. The eco-river purified water, and made friendly habitat for all the creatures.

Abstract: This paper is based on a laboratory experiment, investigating the migration mechanism and distribution characteristics of LNAPL in unsaturated layered heterogeneous porous media. At first, LNAPL infiltration experiment was conducted on a 2D sand tank and pictures were taken to record the diffusion process by Auto-CAD; after analyzing the pictures , the infiltration frontal variation pictures in different time were obtained. The results show that when LNAPL reached dry wet interface, due to the effect of capillary water pressure, the infiltration velocity quickened significantly; When entering the lens, because of the different infiltration rate, formed the characteristics of the lens body concave front line.

Abstract: This study provides four noninvasive nondestructive geophysical methods to map hydrocarbon spills and landfill leachate in the contaminated area. The basic principles of these methods are based on the anomaly of physical parameters (such as resistivity, conductivity, etc.) to determine the contaminated area. From these application examples can be seen that it is feasible to determine the scope of the pollutants using geophysical methods.