Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 692

Abstract: According to the social-economic statistics and environmental data, this paper evaluated the eco-environmental quality in Changping district based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results showed that the value of the total system, including social, economic and eco-environmental fields, has been increased from 67.27 to 81.79, which indicated that the total eco-environmental quality in Changping district has been improving from 1999 to 2005. The value of social system has been improved from 63.09 to 84.73, which would mean that enhancement of live quality had reflected the social progress. The value of economic system was also growth from 68.23 to 80.49, which explained some economic index such as GDP could express the progress of economy. The value of environmental system was floating from 68.02 to 78.78, which clarified that environmental system was complex affected by many factors, and social system, economic system and environmental system restricted mutually. Finally, this paper advised for the environmental improvement in Changping district.

Abstract: Based on land use data and social economy data in 1999 and 2005, this article analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of the land use change in Shunyi district by GIS technology and logistic regression analysis method. The result showed that transformation among different land use was dramatically changed from 1999 to 2005, such as the increase of construction land and the decrease of cultivated land and water area. Land transfer was mainly cultivated land to construction land, forest land, garden land, other land use; forest land to grass land and water area to cultivated land. The area of land changed from cultivated land to construction land was 14250.2hm², and the ratio of the change is 20.09%; the changed land area from forest land to grass land was 887.6hm² with 17.85% of changed ratio; the transformation area from water area to agricultural land was 1099.7hm² and 23.75% of transformation ratio. The development of secondary and tertiary industry is the major driving factor of land use change from cultivated land to construction land, while the major reason for the changes from forest land to grass land and from water area to cultivated land was that the Caobai river has been dried up.

Abstract: Aiming at interactions between human system and water system, a new evaluation system for water-human harmony index (WHHI) was built on the base of triple criteria: Natural water cycle’s health degree (NWHD), Social water cycle’s rationality degree (SWRD) and Human-to-water fitness degree (HWFD). Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Entropy Mothed were applied to the evaluation model for Water-human harmony degree (WHHD). With relevant data of WHHI in Zhangye city, Gansu province, the state of the water-human relationship in Zhangye was assessed from each criterion angle and the result showed that water-human harmony situation as a whole was on the upswing, while the trouble of natural water cycle’s health was the biggest shortcoming in the process of harmonious development. This evaluation model can satisfy practical applications and reflect regional objective reality on water-human relationship, which has a certain guiding significance for regional water resource management.

Abstract: Water quality problems are the main interest in current issues. Most urban rivers are polluted due to mismanagement and non existence facilities. Fenghu and Song yong Rivers faced under the same activities. The basic purpose of this paper is to provide more detail and explanation to restore the urban river with advance, reliable and affordable new technology. This research is successfully applied on these Rivers with Bacterial technology (BT). For easier and better understanding used Canadian Water quality (CWQI 1.0) model for aquatic life. The result admitted a fast recovery of highly polluted river plus supported aquatic life and clear nutrients from the rivers.

Abstract: The aim of this research was to develop a two-step technique to prepare biodiesel from waste palm oil (WPO) with high free fatty acid content. The developed process consists of esterification and transesterification steps. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for investigating the experimental design for esterification step. Design of experiment was performed by application of 5-levels-3-factors central composite design in order to study the optimum condition for decreasing FFA in WPO. The WPO with low FFA was further experimented in transesterification step to obtain fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The investigated results showed that the WPO containing 48.62%wt of high FFA. The optimum condition of esterification step was 28 moles of methanol to FFA in WPO molar ratio, 5.5% sulfuric acid concentration in 90 min of reaction time and 60 °C of reaction temperature. After transesterification step, WPO biodiesel gave methyl ester content at 84.05% according to EN 14103 method. The properties of WPO methyl ester meet the standards of Thailand community biodiesel that can be used as fuel in agricultural machine.

Abstract: The fundamental scientific concepts of ecologically sustainable development of territories and biotic regulation in surrounding environment are considered. The characteristic of genetic, specific and ecosystem levels of biodiversity of forests in the Ural region of Russia is given; the quantitative assessment of change of forest areas in the Urals over the last 50 years is presented.

Abstract: In order to discuss improving effect of ecological forest on heavy saline-alkali soil and to provide reference for biological improvement of saline-alkali soil, the soil chemical properties (pH, salt content, organic matter, available potassium and cation exchange capacity) of 20cm-depth in four different stages of growth on pure forest of Fraxinus velutina planted on heavy saline-alkali soil were studied. The results showed that pH value of forest soil in other stages of growth except defoliating stage was lower than that of CK, pH value in flowering stage decreased by 0.77 unit, and the decrease was the largest. The organic matter obviously increased in four different stages of growth, but the best effect of soil organic matter improvement was defoliating stage. During defoliating stage in mid-October, salt content of forest soil was 1/2 of CK, and cation exchange capacity was three point two nine times of CK. The available potassium of forest soil obviously increased in flowering stage and peak leafing stage. All in all, there was greater effect for the soil chemical properties of 20cm-depth in different growth stages of pure forest of Fraxinus velutina, so when salt-tolerance plant was used to improve saline-alkali soil, we should use scientific measure to cultivation and management in consideration of requirement of different growth stages of forest for soil water and soil nutrient in order to consolidate the improving achievements and to accelerate the improving process.

Abstract: The adsorption behavior of Zn (II) by attapulgite were studied in the paper, The effects of adsorbent dose. Contact time, ionic strength and temperature on the adsorption were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity is 4.129 mg.g^-1 at 333 K. The kinetic study indicated that the adsorption was a pseudo-second-order process. The adsorption was well fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The results indicated that the sorption of Zn (II) by attapulgite was a spontaneous process, and the sorption was endothermic.

Abstract: Recently, using ceramsite to treat wastewater has received wide attention. In this tudy, the ceramsite packing material was modified to make it more ready for bacteria attachment and improved its waste-water treatment efficiency by magnetic field. In addition, the optimal percentage of the additive was obtained through the wastewater treatment experiments in a contact aeration bioreactors. The results showed that the optimal percentage of magnetic powder, polyvinyl alcohol, amylum, sodium bicarbonate, and expanded perlite was 7%, 3%, 2%, 5% and 10% respectively. And the performance of the modified ceramsite in the contact aeration bioreactors was compared with the packing which without magnetic powder, polyvinyl alcohol and amylum showed that the modified ceramsitethe had obviously advantages in terms of time it took for the reactors to attain the stable treatment, organic reduction rate and water retention.

Abstract: Lead pollution, commonly found in lead-acid battery plants or electroplating manufactures, has drawn more and more attention due to its intrinsic toxicity to human health and potential disturbances to local ecological system. Soluble phosphates showed great advantages over other inorganic stabilizers and could provide a rapid, cost-effective approach for lead contaminated sites, despite of complex contaminants presence and heterogeneity distribution of contamination. Chemical stabilization using soluble phosphates was demonstrated by immobilize both lab samples and on-site samples from a local lead contaminated site in this study. The soil samples were mixed with soluble phosphates and stabilized for selected intervals, while adding supplements for the purpose of pH control and solidification. Experiments for treatment duration and immobilization rate in comparison with other stabilizers were also investigated to provide guidance for following demonstration project. Soil samples were analyzed before and after the treatments to compare lead immobilization rates under different circumstances. The results suggested that 90% of lead in lab soil samples was stabilized after one day treatment with phosphates, while on-site soil samples took another 30 to 50 days due to their complexity. Phosphates treatment showed great consistence over all the soil samples after 50 days in contrast with the performance of lime treatment and ferrous sulfate stabilization. It is recommended that the stabilization duration for the specific site should be longer than 30 days, at an average cost of stabilization per ton of soil around 300 RMB. This study demonstrated the use of soluble phosphates in pilot-scale lead pollution remediation, as well as the possibility of extending the remediation concept for other heavy metal contamination scenarios. In addition, chemical stabilization could also be combined with other remediation technology in future due to its simplicity and convenience.