Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 725-726

Abstract: This article presents the results of an investigation for a new method to form sets of construction machinery. The model for optimizing the set of construction machinery implies the possibility to consider the following: the influence of the quality of operation onto the technical state of the machinery, which is characterized by the readiness factor; costs and reliability of the purchased equipment, new and the used one; influence of capital overhauls; selling machinery and purchasing new one at a higher price; decommissioning old equipment; accompanying economical losses, which is a concealed form of insuring against insufficient reliability of the equipment; optimizing the service life along several criteria – minimum investment, maximum profit, specified level of reliability, period of repayment. This method for optimizing the age structure of the construction machinery set is based on using the method of linear programming. Practical recommendations are also included.

Abstract: The increased role of knowledge in the economics, the growth of the role of education and innovations caused the necessity to revise the role of the basic subjects in the market (the government, business structures, universities) and mechanisms of their interaction. The primary importance is now being shifted towards such subjects of innovations as resource centers, innovative businesses, technological platforms, the clusters capable of exerting efficient influence upon the innovations process, which, in its turn, improves the competitive ability of particular spheres of business and entire national economics. This process also influenced the construction industry. The purpose of this research is to analyze the manifestation of the phenomenon of the knowledge-based economics in the construction sphere. The tasks of this research: firstly, to highlight the evolution of the scientific discipline “knowledge-based economics”; secondly, to analyze the efficiency of the phenomenon on the example of the USA, the EC and Russia; thirdly, to analyze the innovative process in the construction sphere; fourthly, to highlight the role of various institutional structures (resource centers, innovative businesses, technological platforms, clusters) for innovative activity in the construction sphere.

Abstract: The article studies the development of an integrated residential housing in Russian metropolises. One of the pressing issues of the modern real estate market development in a metropolis is the need for stirring up investment processes in the housing sector. Study of the problems associated with the formation of integrated residential development and social orientation of housing, are hampered by a number of factors, primarily related to the lack of the mechanism of management of investments into an integrated housing in the metropolitan area, a rather complicated structure of the public administration system, lack of clarity combined with a certain duplication of functions conferred on authorities, unclear mechanism of interaction between the participants of the investment process, and many others.While studying problems of the formation of the residential development for a large city, authors used the methods of logical analysis, synthesis and comparison. A systematic approach, methods of scientific abstraction and expertise have allowed authors to identify the main problems and specific features of the large Russian cities’ residential areas development; on this basis they formulated the main principles of urban planning policy in the sphere of housing construction, and grounded the necessity of developing a monitoring system of integrated development.

Abstract: Time is presented as a special category of resource in the investment and construction process influencing directly or indirectly the final economic results of this type of activity. The main emphasis is placed by the authors in the course of justifying their approach on giving consideration in the context of this publication to such parameters as the service live of the ready construction product; investments payback period; duration of object construction; intensity of investment in time; labor productivity, etc. Proceeding from the revealed time losses between designing and construction; preparation to construction and its beginning; inter-shift and whole-shift downtime due to unsatisfactory production discipline; failures to meet the production resources delivery dates; disturbed plans of performing works, a conclusion has been made on the fact that solution of each of the foregoing tasks is the direct time saving and one of the main trends for increasing economic effectiveness of construction. It has been justified that the intensity of investing in time shall grow from a minimum at the initial stage to a maximum at the final stage.

Abstract: The article reveals the specifics of logistics in operation of a building enterprise, which specifics determine the most essential means by which logistics influences a building enterprise’s efficiency. Depending on the types of influence several logistics strategies have been proposed for this kind of work. A sequence has been elaborated of how to tackle the principal tasks in a building company. Simultaneously, their essence has been shown and the methods of addressing the said tasks have been structured. Relevant techniques have been devised for controlling operational and managerial logistics processes at a building enterprise with employment of a balanced indicator system format. For managing operative logistics activities in the system of key logistics indicators, accounting is proposed for fulfilled, current and prospective orders for logistics servicing of the building process. Considered are different options of resolving the problem of integrating the management of inter-functional and inter-organizational logistics coordination with a format of the balanced indicator system.

Abstract: The article gives reasons for the calculation method of horizon planning based on the analysis of space-cost analogy. The latent regularities have been found out to make it possible to define the functional dependence between planning horizon and discount rate which is used for investment construction projects performance evaluation. Derivation of the formula has been presented herein, which allows calculating the changes in work in the function duration due to quasi float time of its start provided discounted estimates of the up-to-date cost of work are invariant.

Abstract: Article presents an assessment of using “Earned Value Management” method for monitoring the construction projects completion on time. It describes the technique of Earned Value Management for Project Time Management. A specific example analyzes the possibility of using indicators Earned Schedule and Independent Estimate of Completion (time) and represents conditions when this indicators do not give correct results.

Abstract: This paper presents an economic comparison of using two different types of lifting. As an example we consider object with 15-storey and 25-storey building. Calculation of operating costs and purchase or rent, including all technical specifications for each of lifts in 15-storey and 25-storey buildings. Comparative analysis results show advantage of purchasing or renting of equipment

Abstract: In this paper, the analysis of the general tendencies of line building of cottage settlement is carried out by houses. The analysis of domestic and foreign development showed that many questions connected with formation of schedules of building of objects of settlement and calculation of parameters of works taking into account restriction on resources at development of local plans of settlement by houses, now finally aren't solved.As practice of construction of settlement shows further improvement of a technique of scheduling of building of settlement by houses has to go on an alternative basis and a choice among them the most effective on economic indicators because of modern computer technologies. The calculation procedure and optimization of options of the line organization of construction of houses because of modern computer technologies is offered.The technique of a technical and economic assessment of optimizing solutions of cottage building is offered. In this paper data on application to the developed technique for scheduling of construction of houses of settlement. The developed techniques can find application when developing projects of the organization of mass building of cottage settlement by houses.

Abstract: The entities of residential stock management have been determined and a structurally-logical model of entities interaction in the markets of residential and municipal services ensuring economic relations in the process of residential stock management on the basis of demand and services proposition mechanism.The interaction model takes into consideration all the entities concerned, which participate in the residential stock management: individuals, organizations of commercial and non-commercial profile, state government bodies and local self-government authorities. The economical and mathematical model developed on the basis of input-output balance matrix implements economical interactions of the major economic entities through reaching a balance between incomes and expenditures thereof. It has been used as the basis to justify a necessity for growing investments into a residential sphere and redistribution of sources thereof towards increasing a share of private investment, additional sources thereof have been defined. It adds to the principles, formulated Concepts of the long-term social and economic development of the Russian Federation for a period up to 2020.