Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 725-726

Abstract: During the period of transition after the independence, Slovenia faced many challenges brought about by the liberal free market, among others in spatial planning. National spatial development legislation and profession steadily adapted to this process, by changing the existing practice of spatial development planning in line with the new development baselines and objectives. The paper focuses on the survey of planning trends and the difficulties encountered by Slovenia in the implementation of development strategies, as shown in the example of business zones.

Abstract: The city is a complex, constant and incomplete process. Dynamic changes in the demographic and spatial growth of the modern city, affect its functional organization. Consequently, cities with the specific expansion both vertically and horizontally, change the urban concept over the time. In this regard, the paper will highlight the problem of spatial segregation and alienation of the population which is the idea of a functional city, as it continues to exist through the concept of polycentric cities. This was a clear message that the rationality of the organization of the city did not offer good results. This principle of urbanism is characterized as a new form of organizing the social differences and creation of segregation, contrary to the idea of urbanism that turns the city into a single homogeneous entity eliminating differences. Along with the aforesaid, the neoliberal globalization process, emphasizing the hierarchical divisions, deepens and inaugurates a new concept of the divided city. Due to the extreme inequalities, the town itself produces a new urbanism that is reflected in the significant spatial divisions and forms of behavior in cities. Socio-economic polarization and inequality pollute the space giving birth to a new idea of a city. The city becomes a complex process and structure that is imprisoned in the model of duality between conflicting social spaces. All this implies an unbreakable bond between the divided society and the divided city.

Abstract: Due to the predicted change of plans on a renovation in St. Petersburg, a question of possibility of reconstruction of shabby housing arose. Actually, it has been actual for many years since "Khrushchev’s" houses were expected to operate for a short period but people continue to live in them.

Abstract: Daylight analysis as a tool for energy efficiency enhancement in existing buildings is considered in this paper. Through the analysis of five types of exterior static shading devices, horizontal, as well as, vertical, the guidelines for their designing, implementation and possibilities in using of building repairing are given. Also, methods for evaluation of their impact on distribution of daily illumination, viewpoint towards the environment and thermal comfort in general are presented. In the case study, the building of Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services in Podgorica, Montenegro, and sophisticated software tools that enable impact analysis and precise designing of exterior static shading devices are considered. The results are presented through the examples.

Abstract: The paper presents the results of work dedicated to the problem of redevelopment historical parks, as well as attracting the attention of investors to the problem of reconstruction and creation of a modern urban park with necessary infrastructure. The current state of the park were examined and proposed zoning of the territory with the historical component. In the project used visual, graphical and analytical methods obtaining and processing information.

Abstract: The article considers the problem of great amount of communal apartments in Saint-Petersburg. There are several types of a settling program. One of the types is considered in this project, when the apartments in the old houses are purchased by people with high incomes who are able to resettle communal apartments. This project considered apartment in the Meltzer’s apartment house. Mainly practical things were developed, like a rational replan of the initial project, a certain amount of rooms with determined purposes, architectural and planning division of the apartment into guest and personal zones. As a result of reconstruction, initial compartment areas are recovered by combining the later created rooms. Long and narrow corridors converted into spacious halls.

Abstract: The paper considers tectonics, one of the main means of architectural composition. Analysis is made of different approaches to this notion. It is established as the main version in the understanding of architectural tectonics as a plastic image of tension distribution in a constructive system of a concrete object. Considered at this viewing angle are specific forms of the tectonic expression of different constructive systems and epochs, from antiquity to modern times. A typology of tectonic systems is presented. Singled out are graphic, naturally authentic, “natural”, false and neutral tectonic systems. Emphasized is the secondary character of the task of achieving the tectonic imagery in most of the historic epochs. Accentuated is the start-up condition of forming a tectonically expressive architectural form, the anthropologic nature of the ancient architectural creative endeavors. A conclusion is made on completion of the centuries-long era of development of historic systems of tectonic imagery and on transition to the era of “natural” tectonics without pre-established imagery. Forecast is given for development of non-tectonic architectural structures approaching, in terms of principles of formation, a large-scale design or sculptural plastics.

Abstract: Residential buildings in Latvia are one of the essential heat consumers during the heating season. The majority of Latvian as well as European residential buildings were constructed within the period from 1965 to 1990. The average heat transfer coefficient of typical homogeneous single layer external wall of Latvian multi apartment building as well as all buildings constructed in USSR is 0.80 till 1.20W/(m²∙K) [1,2]. Paper presents study on multi apartment buildings renovation specifics in Latvia and its influence in total energy consumption.

Abstract: Courtyards in historical building of Saint-Petersburg can be normally featured with an insufficient level of light and solar exposure and poor natural airing. They are often turned into parking places causing even worse air quality there. The article deals with construction experience of atriums in the historical center of Saint-Petersburg. Possibilities to have internal yards made of glass in accordance with protection regularities for cultural heritage-listed objects of Saint-Petersburg have been analyzed herein. Glazing of secluded yards is suggested to be performed pursuing the aim to improve quality of courtyards environment.

Abstract: The publication is devoted to development of Neogothic architecture in Russia. The little-known facts concerning features of a Neogothic stylistics of the XVIII-XIX century are considered.