Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 744-746

Abstract: To study the real-time changes of pedestrian crossing speed, the paper collected a series data at three large intersections in Changchun City. Firstly, using video processing software and artificial statistical methods, instantaneous crossing speed was extracted and calculated. Then the relationship between crossing speed and dynamic density was established. In addition, the paper also analyzed the effect of pedestrian number and its position on dynamic density. At last, a new method of calculating crossing speed was proposed based on dynamic density. The results in this paper provide a better reference for pedestrian signal timing.

Abstract: In order to distinguish the fatigue, drunk and normal driving effectively, sample entropy is introduced in this paper. An experiment was designed based on a driving simulator. 13 drivers were recruited to participate in the experiment. The steering wheel movement data in fatigue, drunk and normal state were collected. Sample entropy was used to analyze the characteristic of steering wheel movement under different radius curves in three driving states. The results show that the sample entropy in normal state is higher than that in fatigue state, while it is lower than that in drunk state. This indicates that sample entropy is feasible for distinguishing fatigue, drunk and normal driving.

Abstract: Large flow and long distance intersections are very difficult to bring out coordination control and very easy to emerge traffic problems such as traffic congestion due to the large flow and long distance and traffic discrete. It’s necessary to analysis the traffic flow characteristics among large flow and long distance intersections and take measure to improve the signal control. This paper analyzed the traffic flow characteristics of the large flow and long distance intersections, such as the speed would be faster than the normal road between near distance intersection, the headway between cars would be increased, and long traffic queue would be easily occurred at the downstream intersection. In order to realize the coordination control between far intersections, measures for example puts forward signal light at an appropriate position between the intersections, set up fences between vehicles and bicycles, and intersection channelized were put forward to rebuild the traffic flow to adjust the signal control. Those measures were applied to the intersections in Danyang which located in Jiangsu province, the results shows that the queue length was reduced by 67.4% at downstream intersection, the average delay was reduced by 60.3%, the traffic flow saturation was reduced to0.67, and the travel speed and travel time would all become better than before. It suggested that those methods could realize the coordination control and its effect was good, and have good feasibility and practicability.

Abstract: To avoid the the interference of busy backgrounds when tracking, detecting and recognizing moving targets in complicated traffic scene, an improved algorithm is proposed on the basis of the original MeanShift algorithm which use different colors of the centroid positions to identify the target. MeanShift algorithm can be used to calcucte the centroid position of each color in the monitoring area. Then the centroid positon of every color in every frame can be identified by analyzing spatial distribution and iteration. At last, establish weighting functions to increase the recognition accuracy so as to recognize and track the targets in complicated traffic scene. Experiments have shown that the improved algorithm is better than the traditional algorithm in identifying and tracking moving targets in the monitoring of complicated traffic scene.

Abstract: This paper summarizes the character of vehicle-pedestrian accidents based on the statistics and analysis on the data of vehicle-pedestrian accidents selected from China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS) database. Pedestrian Accidents Characteristic is analyzed and studied. It has great significance for improving vehicle safety.

Abstract: This paper establishes a modular urban rail transit train operation simulation system through the application of the train dynamic model, train tracking model in moving block system and timetable in train operation simulation. Then the framework and simulation process of simulation system are designed. Train operation simulation module, data management module and graphical display module make up the simulation system. Based on the structure and working principle of the Communication Based Train Control (CBTC), the key functions of train operation control simulation are specifically design. Finally the Line 4 of Beijing Subway is taken as a simulation example.

Abstract: This paper aims to apply the wavelet transform to the study of driver’s heart rate in different roadside landscape patterns. In the methodology, we describe the procedure in detail that implementing wavelet transform to denoise heart rate signal. The result shows the algorithm presented with the best performance is suitable to process heart rate signal. In the case study, taking advantage of the superiority of wavelet transform in time-frequency domain, it is apparent that heart rate is in a state of fluctuation continuously. That confirms that sensitivity of heart rate measure the mental workload. We also observe that landscape transition enhance driver’s heart rate on a small scale, which makes a positive effect on driver and can be adopted as a countermeasure against the fatigue of driver in the further road landscape design.

Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between the driver’s stop/go behavior when encountering signal change from green to amber and traffic parameters of each car arriving at the intersection during the amber light. The data was collected from two intersections (one is high speed the other is low speed) both located in Beijing with video camera for a period of two weeks. 462 samples are extracted from the video using the software Adobe Premiere Pro CS4. Each sample include the stop/go decision, vehicle’s yellow onset speeds, vehicle’s yellow onset distance from the intersection, position (leading/following) in the traffic flow, vehicle’s speed, amber light time when vehicle travel through the stopline. The line regression technology and decision tree model are respectively used to analyse the difference of influence of traffic parameters to stop/go driving behavior between the high speed and low speed intersections. And it is clearly observed that the dilemma zone at low speed intersection is a little wider than that at high speed intersection althouth the averge arriving speed is lower. And the decision tree model result shows that parameter location play the most important role in sotp/go decisions, and parameter speed only works when the car falls into dilemma zone.

Abstract: In order to study the factors influencing urban rail transit travel behavior, a questionnaire was conducted for residents’ selection of rail transit in Xi'an. Based on the collected data from 1105 valid questionnaires, a binary logistic regression model was established to analyze the influencing factors quantitatively. The results showed that seven factors have statistically significant for rail transit travel behavior including age, occupation, family income, average monthly household transportation costs (T-cost), travel purpose, travel distance, and travel time. Odds ratio analysis revealed that young people and staff were more likely to choose rail transit; the probability of selecting rail transit increased with the increase of family income and the T-cost. In addition, more and more people tend to rail travel with the increase of travel distance and travel time.

Abstract: Conflicts between left-turning vehicles and pedestrians are common at signalized intersection in most developing countries. A new cellular automaton model is proposed to characterize left-turning traffic flow. New status update rules and driving behavior in affected areas and nonaffected areas are defined. Indexes of density, average speed and volume under different pedestrian violation rates are compared to quantify the impact of conflicts on left-turning traffic flow. Simulation results illustrate that pedestrian violations have a great impact on left-turning traffic flow and capacity of the intersection. Therefore, taking countermeasures will improve vehicle maneuvers, reduce the number of pedestrian accidents and increase the capacity of the intersection.