Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1004-1005

Abstract: We investigate six different surfactants in interfacial tension (IFT) between the surfactant solution and the crude oil from Suijng oilfield. Based on the measurement of interfacial tension, the anion surfactant Heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate (HABS) and non-ionic surfactant alkyl glycoside (APG) are selected for the formulation of mixed surfactant. The IFT between the mixed surfactant solution comprising the HABS and APG and crude oil from Suijing can be reduced to ultralow.The experimental results indicate that the selected mixed surfactant formulation (0.20%HABS+0.10%APG) has a good performance on the tolerance of temperature and salinity and the coreflood test result indicate that the effective of the formulation was high which led to significant oil recovery (56.48%TOR).

Abstract: A series of hybrid membranes with special microstructure, based on sulfonated poly (fluorenyl ether ketone) ionomer (SPFEK, IEC=1.74 mequiv.g^-1) and secondary amine group containing SiO₂ (SiO₂–NH–NH₂), has been successfully designed and prepared for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) application. The hybrid membranes are prepared by simply adding KH792 into the SPFEK solution in N,N’-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), followed by dispersion, co-condensation and solvent casting. The water uptake, mechanical property, proton conductivity, (VO)²⁺ permeability and single cell performance are investigated in order to understand the relationship between morphology and property of the membranes. The hybrid membranes show dramatically improved proton selectivity when compared with SPFEK. The vanadium ion (VO)²⁺ permeability through the hybrid membrane is about 10 times lower than that of virgin SPFEK. The columbic efficiency and energy efficiency of the single cell of the hybrid membrane are higher than the SPFEK membrane. The results inidicate that hybrid membranes of this type are promising for VRBs.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants have very important application in the papermaking industry, which is a series of important paper softening agents. In order to obtain an environment-friendly paper softening agent, a novel diester gemini quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant has been prepared. Dodecyldimethyl amine, epichlorohydrin and adipic acid were used as raw materials to synthesize the surfactant, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the groups in reaction product. Moreover, the softening effect of the diester gemini quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant was studied in detail.

Abstract: In order to obtain a biodegradable gemini cationic surfactant with high surface activity, N, N-dodecyldimethyl amine, epichlorohydrin and adipic acid were used as raw materials to synthesize the surfactant, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the groups. And then the interface characteristics of the surfactant were studied in detail. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) was determined by surface tension test to obtain the values of CMC and surface tension at CMC. The foam ability and foam stability of the gemini cationic surfactant were also discussed through contrast octadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: Na₂SO₄ solution that was obtained from ZnSO₄ solution after Zn²⁺ precipitation using Na₂CO₃ was used as raw material. The Na₂SO₄·7H₂O crystallization was obtained through cooling the Na₂SO₄ solution, and then the solution was cycled. The Na₂SO₄·7H₂O was dried and then put into a porcelain boat located in a roaster. When the reaction between Na₂SO₄ and CO ended, the Na₂S was obtained. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time and material thickness on the conversion rate were discussed. The appropriate reaction conditions were reaction temperature 675°C, reaction time 120min and material thickness less than 4cm.

Abstract: Ethanol has great potential to be a candidate for the source of light olefins such as ethylene and propylene. However, ethanol to olefin (ETO) process has not been fully investigated. In this work, the conversion reactions of ethanol were carried out at 673 K under atmospheric pressure on SAPO-34 and SAPO-34/SiO₂ catalysts. SAPO-34 and SAPO-34/SiO₂ exhibit higher selectivity for propylene than H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts do. The SAPO-34 with silica binder showed better catalytic performance for the transformation of ethanol to propylene than the SAPO-34 catalyst.

Abstract: In recent years air pollution especially fog haze occurred in area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the emissions of flue gas in power plant further contribute to pollution. Through integrated analysis of different performance indicators for SCR De-NO_x catalysts in power plant and contrast analysis of various performance for main existing commercial catalyst, countermeasures and proposals were further made to improve catalyst performance and market adaptation. Thereby the effect of flue gas in power plant on atmospheric pollution and the occurring frequency of fog and haze can be controlled or reduced.

Abstract: Tow palladium complexes, [1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] dichloropalladium, [1,3-ditbutylimidazolium] dichloropalladium were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and Elemental Analysis. The catalytic activity of different complexes was investigated by the oxidation of phenol to diphenyl carbonate. [1,3-ditbutylimidazolium] dichloropalladium showed better reactivity. The TON value was up to 73.2 diphenyl carbonate mol/Pd mol under a total pressure of 5 MPa (Pco:Po2=93:7) at 100°C for 3 h.

Abstract: As a new azide-free gas generating pyrotechnic composition, the performance of four kinds of 5-aminotetrazole nitrate (5-ATN) gas generating compositions were investigated by hygroscopicity, compatibility, impact sensitivity, heat of combustion and burning temperature measurement. The advantages of the gas generant using KNO₃ as an oxidizing agent include small hygroscopicity, better compatibility, lower impact sensitivity and proper burning temperature. The degree of water sorption in the mixed system with Sr (NO₃)₂ was much higher than that with KNO₃. The participation of CuO can reduce the hygroscopicity of the system with Sr (NO₃)₂. As the oxidizing agent and catalyst, CuO can also decrease the impact sensitivity, heat of combustion and burning temperature of both systems. 5-ATN gas generant provides fair compatibility using 5-ATN as separate system.

Abstract: By studying the performance of carbon anode oxidation protective coating, which main component is alumina, adjusted coating formulations, determined the optimum coating formulation under certain conditions. Heating texting method was adopted to test sample performance, study showed that the new oxidation protective coating on the surface of the carbon anode can be uniform and dense.