Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1010-1012

Abstract: Taking Changbai 9 and Changbai 22 as experiment material, using pot experiment, to study of different concentration effect of saline alkali stress on physiological characteristics of rice in different growth periods. The results showed that, effect of saline alkali stress on the physiological characteristics of the same rice variety and soil characteristics of different resistant rice varieties are different. Weak salt resistance of Changbai 22 of chlorophyll , soluble sugar and MDA of salt stress more sensitive than saline resistance strong of Changbai 9,and the change trend of the physiological indexes of two cultivars under saline alkali stress is consistent, with the increasing concentration of salt stress, leaf chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content firstly increased and then decreased,while the MDA concentration showed an increasing trend. At the same time with the increase of salt stress concentration, accumulation of soluble sugar in leaves of Changbai 9 increased even more than Changbai 22,indicating the Changbai 9 may be mainly through the accumulation of soluble sugar to alleviate the toxic effects of osmotic stress. This study can be used as an important reference index for soda saline alkali soil rice planting, soil improvement and comprehensive utilization.

Abstract: In order to explore additional distribution patterns of global change to terrestrial ecosystems, phenology refers to seasonal biological life stages driven by environmental factors, and is considered to be a sensitive and precise indicator of climate change. Therefore, the author developed a ‘bottom-up’ method for first determining the phenological growing season at sample stations, and based on NOAA/AVVHRR, meteorological data, ground phonology observation data, vegetation category data, and so on. The author built a Logistic fitting model on cumulative frequency of NDVI to determine length of greenness period since 1982, then analyzed correlation between NDVI and precipitation, primarily revealed the dynamic mechanism of climate on vegetation. The spatial pattern of average turning green and wilting dates of the growing season correlated significantly with the spatial pattern of average temperatures in spring and winter across the north south transect of eastern China during 1982 to 2003; the growing season extended on average by 5 to 8 days . Temperate desert regions had the trend of increase of desertification.

Abstract: By comparing WorlView-2 with other remote sensing data in the characteristics of spectral bands and spatial resolution, we found that all the eight bands of WorldView-2 are sensitive to lithology and helpful to distinguish them; besides, WorldView-2 provides a richer texture information with a high spatial resolution of 0.46m, which is also very important in geological interpretation of remote sensing. Therefore, WorldView-2 data has a strong advantage in geological applications. In the geological interpretation of the Kezile area in West Kunlun Mountain, different enhancement methods based on the spectrum, texture and geomorphology/vegetation were applyed to enhance the lithology information of WorldView-2 image, and it achieved a good effect. With the enhanced images of Kezile area, we subdivided the Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene into lithologies in detail, and completed the remote sensing geological interpretation map.

Abstract: In order to analyze the spatial distribution of landslides and its characteristics about the surface condition of landslides, a typical large landslide called the Xieliupo located in Zhouqu County was choosed as an example, comparing the data obtained from the field investigation with the initiatory interpretation result using remote sensing images. The results show that the proposed typical interpretation signs for landslide recognition have been improved right and could produce obvious identification results which were consistent with visual interpretation. Since the above method has been confirmed practical in the landslide recognition, we finally apply the method and experience in interpretation of landslide based on RS to the recognition of other large landslides, which can provide the theoretical basis for the subsequent research of landslides.

Abstract: Updating land cover with imagery change detection methods is a hot topic. Many imagery change detection methods have been developed from different views; however, these methods often have their specific applicability, indicating that there is no single method can be universally applicable for land cover updating especially in large area. The main challenge is that not all remote sensing images used in change detection would be aquired from the same season. In this paper, two typical change detection methods SGD and PCC were analyzed and selected respectively for land cover updating concerning the seasonal difference of multi-temporal remote sensed images. Experiment in a case study of Shandong province was conducted by using the two methods. Results indicated that SGD is suitable for consistent seasonal phase images, while PCC can be used for those inconsistent seasonal phase images. It can achieve better accuracy in land cover updating using suitable change detection method concerning seasonal difference.

Abstract: Kyoto Protocol states that developed countries have the responsibility to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. It, also, suggests that developed countries take measures to enhance carbon sink. Therefore, every country pays more attention on the research of global carbon cycle. China, a developing country with a fast economic increasing rate, has urgent need of related data and information so as to adjust its national development plan and negotiate with other countries. Remote sensing is one of the most important technologies and data sources for large-scale carbon-related researches including terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling law, carbon sink/source pattern and sink enhancement technology. This paper introduces recent applications of remote sensing technology to the following aspects in China: monitoring land cover, simulating carbon flux, spatial distribution of carbon sink and carbon sink enhancement measures.

Abstract: "Kyoto Protocol" came into force on the February 16th, 2005. It introduced rules on the responsibilities of reducing greenhouse gas emission so as to alleviate and deal with problems caused by climate change. Among the three fulfillment mechanisms in "Kyoto Protocol", the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the only one related to developing countries. As one of the most important developing countries in the world, it is urgent for China to make rational use of the CDM to support its high-speed economic development. At this point, nation-scale carbon related data are critical. This paper introduced the acquisition of soil, vegetation and land use/land cover data at a large scale using remotely sensed data and the simulation of carbon sink/source by means of ecosystem models. Remotely sensed data play an important role in the extraction of qualitative and quantitative information for CDM related researches and activities.

Abstract: Debris flow is a kind of serious geologic hazard and Real-time prediction of debris flow is essential for the protection of human life and property. The objective of this paper is to propose a method for real-time predicting debris flow using fuzzy event tree (FET), which is constructed by integrating event tree analysis, fuzzy mathematics and expert knowledge. Xiu Yan County, An Shan City, Liaoning province in China was used as a case. The prediction assessment was based on four dynamic process factors, namely antecedent rainfall (AR), the maximum rainfall intensity (MRI) each hour, soil saturated liquefaction degree (SSLD) and soil instability (SI). The four dynamic process factors were viewed as initiating events in FET model for forecasting debris flow. The result indicated that the majority of study area is characterized by medium and low dangerous level. This study suggests that weather forecast, timely detection of SSLD and SI are important for preventing and mitigating disaster and FET methodology is promising for real-time foresting geologic hazard.

Abstract: As the extension module of ArcView GIS, ArcView 3D Analyst can visually provide three-dimensional surface model and interactive three-dimensional perspective observation function. Its principle is to use ArcView software to handle AutoCAD elemental topographic map data, and then set up digital elevation model (DEM) through geographic information system. The essay takes the project of turning Huaiyin Village, which is located at Guyang Town, Zhenjiang city, into a new style village through space transformation as an example to present how to use spatial three-dimensional data analysis to settle down land distribution and statistics problems during the transformation and give effective planning proposals to the village construction.

Abstract: The ground penetrating radar and radar wave propagation in the subsurface environment is very complex. All kinds of noise and clutter interference is very serious, and detection echo data is a variety of with clutter. Therefore, the key techniques of data processing is to suppress clutter processing of ground penetrating radar record data. Surfacelet transform can efficiently capture and represent local surface singularities with different sizes. In order to improve the reliability of 3D ground penetrating radar detection results and accuracy, this paper presents a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar signal denoising method based on Surfacelet transform. Using Surfacelet transform and 3D context model for ground penetrating radar (GPR) analog signal to denoising, the noise in the case of low signal noise ratio (SNR) still can obtain a better result, and the simulations prove the effectiveness of the method.