Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1020

Abstract: The contribution follows on the previous research in the area of technologies for disposal of micro-organisms and of their lifecycle. Paper deals with recommendations for biocorrosion assessment consequences and with proposal to eliminate biocorrosion recurrence. Recommendations resulted in method for risk assessment and risk management to ensure long-term resistance of ETICS against colonization of microorganisms.

Abstract: Brownfields are one of the most important problems, which today’s cities have to solve. Regeneration of them and their reintegration back to the city organism are very time-consuming and expensive. New development is realized on the edges of cities for this reason. However, this situation is not in accordance with sustainable development principles, but the situation is not only about finances and brownfield regeneration can have very positive effect on many other aspects. Software tool Modified dynamic model (MDM) facilitates to model the long-term development on the defined factors basis. Thus, it can be convenient to model the land development in the case of brownfield regeneration in this software and to compare this situation with greenfield development. On the basis of results, we can find that brownfield regeneration is more effective in the long run. Then, these models can help potential investors with decision about their finances investment.

Abstract: Quality of human living environment is determined by combination of factors which constitute indoor space thermal, light and acoustic conditions. At the stage of building design it is essential to undertake complex analysis allowing revealing quantitative values of the governing factors and forecasting their joint influence affecting indoor microclimate formation.

Abstract: Before the foundation of St. Petersburg in 1703, there had for centuries existed a developed system of rural settlements located on the flat valleys and areas along the Neva River and around the Ladoga Lake. Since 1703, under the leadership of Peter I and his followers, there was carried out a systematic creation of the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration (St. Petersburg and residential suburbs around it), which was done on the basis of purposefully introduced principles of regularity and harmony of architectural ensembles, by the methods of large-scale reconstruction of the previous irregular system of the population settlement distribution. The scale of this new agglomeration had no analogues in world town-planning practice of the XVIII century and united spaces with the total area over 200 square kilometers, which extended from the town of Sestroretsk in the North to the town of Novgorod in the South, from the town of Narva in the West to the Volkhov River in the East. The regularity and multi-center character of the central city formed according to the pattern of a mesh and cellular structure (with the dimensions of 10 km by 15 km), was supplemented with a regularity of suburban ensembles` layout and multi-kilometer rectilinear axes – roads connecting them. Some of the roads had the length of several hundred km (such as the road from Moscow to St. Petersburg built in 1706-1718, that was as long as nearly 700 km). Huge suburban forest-park and natural-landscape spaces between palace and park ensembles were united as star-patterned compositions. This historically created agglomeration is deservedly included in the List of Objects of the World Heritage, but so far it has not received a unambiguous understanding of its uniqueness and needs a considerable effort in searching new individual ways of the historical heritage preservation. On the basis of the archive records, the contribution presents an analysis of regularities of consecutive and purposeful transformation of the historical rural settlements system existing up to the foundation of St. Petersburg into the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration of regular type.

Abstract: The JinYu New Field Project is designed to build a large-scale center integrating business, culture, commerce, leisure and entertainment in the emerging development area in the south of Hohhot in the future. After three years of design and construction, the project begins to take shape. Through deep analysis of the commercial form, commercial space, land and traffic organization, fire performance of the commercial building and design difficulties of JinYu New Field Project, this paper summarizes the key points and difficulties of the commercial complex project in the design practice, and proposes the thinking on future development of the commercial complex in China.

Abstract: The paper deals with problems of capacity assessment of intersection with or without the connection lane on the left of running lane. The paper describes capacity calculations for intersection without this lane according to Czech standards and proposes the possible procedure of calculation for intersection with the connection lane on the left of running lane. Comparison of capacity reserves is made on concrete example with real traffic flow volume values.

Abstract: This paper work, based on own findings, discusses the main directions in the field of landscape architecture representing inspirations in the pursuit of sustainable development. Directions in architecture and landscape designing were presented that are aimed at improve ment of the image, ecological conditions of soci al life, and aesthetics of European cities. The article was exemplified with selected design works of contemporary and former landscape and green landscape architects, which have contributed to meet diverse social needs of selected public spaces in Europe. Consistently, the evolution and current state of the problem concerning issues on greenery, parks, squares and urban details will be analysed.

Abstract: Driving speed is one of the most important factors in road safety and speed not only affects the severity of a crash, but is also related to the risk of being involved in a crash. Inappropriate speed is responsible for more than a third of all fatal accidents occurring on roads. In Poland every year about 70% of all traffic accidents occur in urban areas from which most is recorded at junctions. In order to improve traffic safety many efforts have been undertaken but their performance is still not satisfactory. One of the solutions for improving safety in cities is designing new and replacing already existing crossroads by roundabouts. They offer improved safety over other types of intersections having fewer conflict points, slower speeds and easier decision making. Specially single-lane roundabouts are pointed as an example of a very safe junction when compared to not-signalised and signalised. Author’s previous research considering traffic safety at crossroads in Bialystok, Poland has confirmed lower number of accidents and deaths at roundabouts when compared to other types of junctions but at the same time the number of collisions remained at unexpectedly high level. The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of roundabouts on drivers’ behaviour and approach and exit speeds at roundabouts located in Bialystok, Poland. Measurements of instantaneous speed, acceleration, deceleration and route tracking data were undertaken to develop the investigation.

Abstract: In the literature, there are often terms such as quality of life, housing quality, attractive housing, but the concept of attractiveness of the area is not particularly mentioned. However, at present there is no comprehensive method for determining the amount of spatial standard housing in residential areas on the outskirts of habitats. This issue is addressed only from the perspective of one factor or sub-regional or national scale, however, assessment of the quality of housing facilities in these cities is on the sidelines for now. In the present article, there are the factors that undoubtedly greatly affect the lives of all people living in houses, especially in the hinterlands of cities. For the purpose of the solving problem was used a value analysis, comparative method and survey.

Abstract: Alternative schools have had an undisputable innovative influence on the major (conventional) schooling since their formation in the first half of the 20th century. They have brought new ideas and methods that have been partially or fully adopted by schools that do not even consider being alternative. Architectural language formed together with the alternative education (Waldorf, Montessori, Dalton, Jena etc.) and responded to their specific needs and philosophies – specific shapes, layout, new forms of learning areas etc. Aim of this article is to choose and describe some principles of alternative school architecture, which could be used for new buildings and reconstructions of traditional schools. Method of the research was analysis of chosen alternative school buildings that were realized mainly in Europe and the USA, their qualitative evaluation and description of typological and architectural principles. According to the research outcomes, specific typological, constructional and material solutions were chosen, which are possible to apply also to common learning areas designing. Conclusions of this research can be used in practice (by designing of new buildings and reconstructions of school buildings) and in the education of architectural designing and building typology. .