Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1020

Abstract: The main point of this article is the analysis of the plants influence on the indoor microclimate duality in the passive house, above all the influence on the CO₂ concentration. The measurements were made in the experimental passive house in the area of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava in the spring months. The volumes of CO₂ were analyzed during the many nights, in the room always with two men. In the first was made the measurement without the plants and then during the next measurements were added plants into the referential room which change the CO₂ onto oxygen. During the separate measurements were changed quantities of the green parts (of plants) where the photosynthesis change the CO₂ onto O₂. In the second measurement was the blade area approximately equal to body area of the bigger participant and in the third measurement was the blade area approximately equal to sum of the bodies of both participants of the experiment.

Abstract: The article presents the main acts on the energy certification in the European Union. Discusses the regulations and laws introducing energy certification in Poland. Specifies limit values in primary energy for buildings in Poland. Also the legal acts relating to the methodology for calculating the energy certificates were described. Moreover legislation introducing energy certificates in Slovakia and the methods of calculating the energy certificates were presented. The energy certification between Poland and Slovakia were compared.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is the assessment of structures in terms of the lowest internal surface temperature. It assessed the risk of condensation of water vapor on the surface of these structures. This assessment will be conducted by probabilistic calculation based on data acquired in Vocational training center MSDK. Using this calculation will be found how many times during the year the internal surface temperature drops below the dew point on the inner surface of the structures.

Abstract: This contribution summarizes the authors’ experience in the field of undesired permeability in experimental wooden structures. The path to nearly perfect insulation leads through the successful identification of defects during the building process. Defects are best detected by using precise measuring tools prior to covering air-tight surfaces of the structure, followed by careful insulation and repeated measurements. An experimental wooden structure has undergone this process a total of eight times. The measuring team has recorded multiple incidents of permeability on this structure. For this reason, added attention is focused on suggesting solutions for improved reliability in the area of insulation.

Abstract: Situation on insulation market, not only in Czech Republic, is confused for the general public. This paper tries to streamline this fact. Here are described more than 30 types of thermal insulations divided into 6 categories. Each category is detailed described by physical parameters and each is sequentially selected about 5, which are most frequently using like thermal insulation of the building's façade, without air gap. Elementary parameters, which are most important from investors view, are finances. Like a basic reference value was chosen thermal conductivity of insulation and for economical compare was chosen uniform thickness insulation on building envelope 100 mm. On the basis of these two values are insulation chosen. In this paper are results clearly graphically compiled.From graphs it is clear, that most of thermal insulation's values of thermal conductivity are very similar, bud prices of insulations can be usually substantially different. From this is evident, that some of insulation are so popular, because their producer have excellent marketing and promotion.

Abstract: The article brings new knowledge of the area of thermal and light characteristics of window constructions. The goal is comparison and subsequent evaluation of the measured thermal parameters and transmittance of solar radiation of three window constructions. These constructions are based on different material and different glass systems. They are designed for energy self-sufficient buildings. Assessed windows are placed in the Testing Laboratory of the Department of Building Engineering and Urban Planning, Faculty of civil engineering, University of Žilina. The laboratory is pavilion type and the windows are monitored throughout the whole year.

Abstract: The aim of this article is analysis of energy performance of the timber-frame passive house. The analysis is made on the base of numerical simulation, analytical calculation and experimental measurement. Numerical simulation is solved by the Design Builder software which can determine thermal losses, thermal loads of buildings and other parameters of indoor microclimate - mean radiant temperature, operating temperature and indoor relative humidity, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index, the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) index, concentration CO₂ (carbon dioxide). Analytical calculations are solved by the software Simulace. Boundary conditions of the exterior calculation are set with using standard values and the real hour meteorological values (from database of the software Design Builder for Ostrava town and from database of the real experimental measurement values). Experimental measurements of the indoor and exterior parameters (external and indoor air temperature) are realized at the passive timber-frame house of the Research and Innovation Centre of the Moravian-Silesian Wood Cluster in the area of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava. Results of theoretical analysis and experimental measurements are compared and evaluated.

Abstract: Buildings account for 40% of the primary energy use and 24%of the generation of green house gases worldwide. Therefore, a reduction of the specific energy demand of buildings and increased use of renewable energy are important measures of climate change mitigation. On the 18th of May 2010 a recast of the EPBD was approved which further clarifies the intention that buildings shall have a low energy demand. The recast of the EPBD specifies that by the end of 2020 all new buildings shall be “nearly zero-energy buildings”. A nearly zero-energy building is defined as a building with a very high energy performance and very simple shape. The current focusing on the energy efficiency of the building operation may lead to uniform cuboid architecture with heavy insulated building envelopes. The paper deals with the influence of energy concept on architectural elements (and their properties as shape, material, colour, texture etc.)

Abstract: Building claddings still contains some technologically complicated details. The paper deals with modern diagnostics methods and possible solutions to eliminate energy leak.

Abstract: The paper is closely related to the challenge of the most important greenhouse gas - carbon dioxide. Both, the effective capture and secure storage of CO₂, is an urgent environmental problem. Approximately ¾ of all anthropogenic emissions of CO₂ are related to the use of fossil fuels. Great attention is given to the absorption processes for the capture of the gas. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a promising solution for achieving a significant reduction in CO₂- emissions. Capture of combustion gases using standard volatile organic solvents are the source of numerous problems like environmental pollution, instability and corrosivity of such solvents. An effective solution seems to be the use of ionic liquids. Ionic liquids are a relatively new class of compounds, which are chemically and thermally stable and are able to dissolve a wide range of substances. The negligible volatility of ionic liquids is their most important property. Research and development of the CO₂- capture technology has not yet reached the stage of commercial exploitation under economically acceptable conditions. The aim of this article is to show the possibilities of use of ionic liquids in the absorption separation processes for CO₂ -capture.