Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1073-1076

Abstract: This study examines energy consumption of inputs and output used in protected grape production, and aims at to find relationship between energy inputs and yield in the major protected grape producing regions in China. For this purpose, the data were collected from 516 questionnaires which included 304 effective ones by questionnaire survey method. The results indicated that total energy inputs were 57697.84 MJha^-1 where the Chemical with (32.4%) and Fertilizer with about (21.1%) were the major energy consumers. About 53.4% of the total energy inputs used in protected grape production was indirect while 46.6% was direct. The non-renewable shared about 78% whereas the renewable energy did 22%. Average yield and energy consumption are calculated as 25367.22Kgha^-1 and 299333.2MJha^-1. Energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy were 5.18, 0.44 kgMJ^-1, 2.27 MJkg^-1 and241635.36 MJha^-1, respectively.

Abstract: This paper employed a non-radial efficiency analysis technique, namely slacks-based measure, to calculate the marginal abatement cost of carbon emissions. The study was concerning ten manufacturing sectors that have been included in Shanghai’s pilot emission trading scheme. The empirical result shows the overall weighted average marginal abatement cost is 839.3 Yuan/ton. It also indicates that the marginal abatement cost has a negative relationship with carbon emissions. Additionally, the marginal abatement costs vary across the sample sectors. Policy implications are presented based on above results.

Abstract: Renewable energy is considered important resources for sustainable development all over the world. Fujian province, locating in south-east of China, was selected as an example to discuss renewable energy strategies for sustainable development. The potential renewable energy sources in Fujian were analyzed. And the strategies involve three major technological changes, including energy savings on the demand side, efficiency improvements in the energy production, and replacement of fossil fuels by various sources of renewable energy. Nuclear energy was also introduced to the energy system. The conclusion was that converting present energy systems into a 100% renewable system was possible; in case of some flexible energy system technologies as well as nuclear power were introduced to the present energy system.

Abstract: At present, renewable energy industry development need the government’s support of powerful fiscal and taxation incentive policies in China. Many developed countries implement some fiscal and taxation policies to promote renewable energy industry. These policies are good inspiration for China to develop renewable energy industry. According to the status of renewable energy industry development in China, we should emphasis on the four aspects: first is to speed up the research and development of renewable energy technology through the financial investment; the second is to encourage renewable energy production by providing the loan subsidies and investment incentives; the third is to accelerate the product promotion of renewable energy through the government policy of purchasing and consumption subsidy; and the last one is to reduce the relative costs of renewable energy by the implementation of energy and environment taxes.

Abstract: With the deepening of economic globalization, cooperation has become a mainstream trend, revealing the discipline of cooperation has become a key scientific issue. As a content of cooperation, international energy cooperation is a system of relations constituted by different energy cooperation agents, it reflects the composition of agents. Ability divergence and their capability system have an effect on the long-term stability and development of cooperation. Based on the theories, this paper put forward the main connotation of cooperation capacity structure, building capability evaluation system, clearing affect the stability of the key indicators of cooperation, exploring the relationship between cooperation agents’ capability structure and cooperative stability in order to study the whole process of international energy cooperation fluctuations trajectory.

Abstract: Green development is the inevitable choice on sustainable development of Shaanxi province in coal mining area. First, the environment capacity of coal mining area is defined from the point of view of comprehensive environmental capacity, which expounds the scientific connotation in the particularity of the coal mining area and coal industry. On this basis, three the key affecting factors of carrying capacity of environment in coal mining area are selected, which are mining subsidence, damaged shallow groundwater, and industrial "three wastes" pollution. Second, from the point of he comprehensive environmental capacity, the measurement framework of green development degree in coal mining area is built. And it takes the key affecting factors as the subsystem. On this basis, the measurement index system of green development degree in coal mining area is established. And it has 9 first grade indexes, which are ratio of rock and mining, form of surface subsidence, buried depth of ecological groundwater, space relationship of diversion fissure zone and key to aquifer, the capacity of regional atmospheric environment, the capacity of regional water environment, waste emissions, vegetation coverage, soil erosion modulus. At last, this paper is using the AHP method and entropy method to establish the measure indication system of green development degree on coal mine area in Northern Shaanxi.

Abstract: Government policy is an important driving force to promote the development of strategic emerging industries. From two dimensions—policy instrument and industry value chain, content analysis is conducted in the paper on 37 items of central policy text related to China’s new energy vehicle industry. The environmental-side policy instruments are used most frequently; the policy instruments present gradual improvement from supply side to environmental side and then the demand side; the relevance of three types of policy instrument and the four links of the industry value chain is investigated. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are given in the study for the future optimization and improvement of this industry.

Abstract: New York, London, Paris and Tokyo, as the leading cities in utilizing new and renewable energy, has worked out a variety of policy measures and incentive mechanism on the aspects of market development, technological development and market development. We should learn from those world cities to identify renewable energy development goals and detailing development strategies, improve legal system and standardize the development of market and tax system, increase capital investment to strengthen existing technologies and developing new technologies.

Abstract: This study adopted independent component analysis (ICA) to explore the underlying driving factors affect the international crude oil prices. Three original benchmark crude oil spot prices were first preprocessed to become normalized form by centering and whitening. Three independent components were then estimated by Fast-ICA algorithm. We find that the three independent components vary differently in their fluctuation amplitude and indicate clearly different hidden factors consisting of dominant long-term trend, medium-term extreme events influence, as well as frequent short-term irregular events such as weather and speculation. It shows that ICA is a powerful tool in finding out common hidden driving factors of international parallel crude oil prices.

Abstract: The investment and industrialization of China’s new energy sector has grown up with a considerable scope and an increasing momentum. However, its backwardness in core technology, market disorder, inconvenience of investment channels and squeezing export market space has been hindering the process at meantime. This paper, by reviewing the new development trend of new energy and policy initiations from various governments, analyzes the defects existing in Chinese industrial regulation against the new energy industry. The results reveals that systematic legislation, executive regulation and implementation scheme are not well manageable in terms of regulations on market access, pricing, trade contacting and underpinning R&D activities. This study suggests an industrial regulation scheme for China’s new energy industry in direction of renewing the energy consumption notion, establishing the energy system plan for next generation, widening the scope of governmental regulation, withdrawing the barriers among sectors and regions, building investment fund for new energy, supporting R&D and its commercialization as well as participating international coordination aiming at a favorable international trading order for new energy products.