Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1073-1076

Abstract: The effects of different concentrations of nonylphenol on Neocaridina heteropoda were studied through testing the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in the muscle of N. heteropoda under the nonylphenol stress, then explored the relationship of the time that was N. heteropoda exposed nonylphenol and the in vivo physiological indicators. Results showed the following conclusion: in a certain range, higher concentrations of nonylphenol had heavier influence on SOD activity of shrimps; shrimps were infected significantly when they were exposed to the same concentration of nonylphenol in 2 days; the influence was reduced to the shrimp with the prolonging of time.

Abstract: Dried Roselle calyxes were used to extract polyphenols by ultrasonic technology. By using single factor test and orthogonal test, the ultrasonic extraction process of roselle dry calyxes polyphenols was optimized. Antioxidant effect of the extraction was measured by the clearance rate of diphenyl picryl hydrazinyl radicals. The optimized extraction conditions were determined as follows:extraction temperature, 45°C; solid-liquid ratio, 1:15; extraction time, 20 min; ethanol solvent, 75%. Antioxidant activity was examined by the comparison between the sample with the highest polyphenol content and butylated hydroxytoluene. The result shows that the sample has stronger antioxidant ability than butylated hydroxytoluene.

Abstract: The sorption of three kinds of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the Yangtze River sediment was investigated in this paper. Langmuir and Freundlich model were used to fit their adsorption isotherms. Results showed that Langmuir model could better fit the adsorption isotherms of PAEs in the sediment.

Abstract: Tissue distribution is the foundation for estimating the toxicokinetics and potential risk of contaminants in organisms. Towards a better understanding of the biological effects mediated by the widely used pesticide Dechlorane plus (DP) in fish, the concentrations and isomer compositions of DP were examined in various tissues of Mugil soiuy (Liza haematochella), including the muscle, kidney, liver, gill, intestines, brain and eyes. The mechanisms of DP bioaccumulation were also investigated through correlating the concentrations of DP in different tissues with the lipid content of the tissues and thebody weight. The results show that DP is subject to biotransformation in Mugil soiuy. The highest concentration of T-DP was detected in the kidney and liver, followed by intestines, gill and muscle. Mechanisms of tissue were important determinants of DP levels, and followed by tissue lipid content. The values of f_anti in analyzed tissues were easier enriched anti- than syn-DP.

Abstract: The hytoremediation is a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional cleanup techniques for heavy metal contaminated sites. This study is intended to explore the physiological functions of nitric oxide (NO) in the signaling pathways as well as defense responses in Sedum Alfredii Hance, a new zinc (Zn) promising hyperaccumulating plant species for the phytoremediation exposured to Cd contaminations.

Abstract: Anabaena sp. and M. aeruginosa were used to examine the toxic mechanism of nano-ZnO to them, as well as the toxicity. Typical chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including effective quantum yield, photosynthetic efficiency and maximum electron transport rate, were measured by a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Results showed that nano-ZnO could inhibit Anabaena sp. and M. aeruginosa growth with the EC₅₀ (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) of 0.74±0.01 and 1.68±0.01 mg/L respectively. The toxicity of nano-ZnO to Anabaena sp. is higher than that to M. aeruginosa, which can be proved by the malondialdehyde content in Anabaena sp. and M. aeruginosa cells.

Abstract: The effects of polar aprotic solvents on dissolving cellulose in ionic liquid have been studied, the adding of DMSO (DMF, DMAc) can obviously improve the dissolving property of [Emim][CH₃COO], additive DMSO has the best enhancement effect because of its strongest polarity. The reason for this phenomenon is that polar aprotic solvents can solvate [Emim]⁺ cation of IL and generate much more “free” [CH₃COO]⁻ anion which is crucial for destroying hydrogen bonds of cellulose, this conclusion is also supported by our conductivity measurement.

Abstract: The fermentation conditions of Bacterial Strain T2013 were studied. The fermentation conditions of T2013 were investigated with single-factor experiment. In addition to, the fermentation conditions were optimized through the orthogonal test. The results showed the highest production of blue pigment was obtained on condition that fermentation time was 2d, the liquid volume was 50ml in the 250ml shake-flask, the inoculum volume was 2%, the initial value of pH was 7.6, fermentation temperature was 37°C and the speed was 150r/min.The fermentation conditions of Bacterial Strain T2013 were preliminarily determined,whichprovides a theoretical basis for the industrial production of blue pigment.

Abstract: The sulfo-group-containing itaconic-acid-based polymer (IA/SAS) and the itaconic acid homopolymer (PIA) were synthesized. The molecular structure of itaconic acid, copolymer and homopolymer were determined by IR analysis. The performances of inhibition against CaCO₃ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ scale of the two polymers were compared by the static scale inhibition experiments. When the dosage exceeded 20 mg/L, both of the inhibition efficiencies against CaCO₃ scale were higher than 90%. IA/SAS had obvious performance of inhibition against Ca₃(PO₄)₂ scale, when the dosage of IA/SAS was 28 mg/L, the scale inhibition efficiency reached 100%. While PIA did not show any effect of inhibiton against Ca₃(PO₄)₂ scale within the test range.

Abstract: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is a heated researched biotechnology for nitrogen removal in wastewater. The application of the process is limited due to its long start-up time and sensitivity to organic matters. This paper discussed the effects of acetate on anammox process. The nitrogen removal rate of anammox process was elevated at low acetate content (1 mmol/L) and decreased at high acetate content (3 and 4 mmol/L). The ratios among NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^--N and NO₃^--N were not related acetate content and remained at 1:1.50:0.07, but the ratios between acetate and three forms of nitrogen were acetate dependent.