Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1084

Abstract: Measurement of colloidal particles size was performed on a NICOMP 380 ZLS. Pharmacokinetics. Radiometry of the organs was carried out on γ-spectrometer. Measurement of the sizes of radioactive particles of ^99mTc-nanotech showed that average dynamic diameter of RFP particle ranged from 16.7 to 24.5 nm. ^99mTc-nanotech received by the blood is actively trapped by liver and spleen. Inguinal lymph node in all animals was clearly visualized during lymphoscintigraphy on the 15^th minute. Maximum accumulation of ^99mTc-nanotech was observed in 3 hours. Experimental study of radiopharmaceutical ^99mTc-nanotech showed that the nanocolloid can be used for lymphoscintigraphy and visualization of “sentinel” nodes.

Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of the results of combined photon-neutron therapy (CPNT) in patients with malignant tumors of head and neck (H&N) in Chelyabinsk region clinical oncological dispensary. In the basic group of patients with tumors of a throat the survival rate without relapses (SRWR) was 65 %, that is 30 % higher than in control group - 35 %. The general survival rate (GSR) was accordingly - 76 % and 66 % (р <0.005). In the basic and control group of patients with tumors of salivary gland WR the general survival rate was accordingly - 40 % and 14 % (p> 0.05). At tumors of the pharynx three - year WR after course of CPNT was 18.3 % higher (р=0.002) than in group thet underwent photon therapy. GSR was accordingly 46 % and 20 %. At tumors of oral cavity the CPNT increases survival rate without relapses at 11.5% and GSR at 17 %, in comparison with photon therapy (р <0.005). WR at tumors of nasopharynxes after CPNT was 62 %, and in control group 60 %. (р=0.05). When the size of tumor was T1 the GSR in basic group was 81 %, T2 - GSR was 62 %, and T3 - GSR was 70 %; In the control group accordingly was 52 %, 56 %, 35 %. CPNT in the program of radical course of PT increases a median of full tumor resorptions up to 84.52 % in the basic group, in control accordingly – 46.7 %. CPNT increases SRWR and GSR. The most meaningful difference in results of treatment according to SRWR and GSR was observed in patients with the size of primary tumor T3. Increase of SRWR and GSR was in groups at patients with tumors of a throat, salivary gland, pharynx where average tumor depth was up to 3.7- 4.5 cm.

Abstract: The present paper gives an analytical review of methods for obtaining of radiopharmaceuticals that are based on ^99mTc -labeled fatty acids and their use in cardiology. We make conclusion on the efficiency of application and investigation of ^99mTc fatty acids radiopharmaceuticals that contain chelate groups EDTA or DTPA. In this study, quantum-chemical modeling of one of such conjugates is conducted and its bioavailability is confirmed.

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to present the 10-year results of the combined modality treatment with the use of neutron-photon therapy for patients with T_2-4N_0-2M₀ locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). The study involved 246 LABC patients (T_2-4N_0-2M₀). Analysis of long-term results of multimodality treatment of patients with primary LABC has shown that preoperative neutron therapy is the most effective in the presence of multicentric tumors, radioresistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and other adverse prognostic factors.

Abstract: The study group comprised 124 patients with salivary gland cancer and 46 patients with thyroid gland cancer who received the combined modality treatment and radiotherapy alone with the use of 6.3 MeV fast neutrons generated within U-120 cyclotron. The combined modality treatment and radiation therapy with the use of fast neutrons allow encouraging long-term results to be achieved for patients with salivary and thyroid gland cancers.

Abstract: An understanding of normal tissue response is necessary for the optimization of radiation treatment in cancer therapy. Cancer cells exhibit altered local dielectric properties compared to normal cells because of the difference in shape, size and orientation. These properties are measurable as a difference in electrical conductance using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Multiple frequency bioimpedance analysis is used to measure change in electrical properties of the irradiated tissues as a function of frequency and time. From the experimental results, it is clear that the electrical properties demonstrated good detection performance. The electrical parameters of the tissues could be used to distinguish the tissue's status. Changes in electrical properties at different frequencies show, that there are differences between conductivity of non-irradiated and irradiated tissues.

Abstract: We explore the possibilities of cardiac scintigraphy with ¹²³I-iodophen in patients with various forms of cardiomyopathy. In patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, defects of metabolism correspond to the zones of postinfarction cardiosclerosis and uncoordinated defects typical for hybernation. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy diffusion and heterogeneous character of impairment of coronary microcirculation and metabolism was predominantly identified. The distribution of ¹²³I-iodophen in the LV myocardium has diffusion and uneven, mosaic character without strict compliance with the basin of the certain coronary artery. A distinctive feature of the non-coronary cardiomyopathy is the absence of mismatched defects of perfusion and metabolism.

Abstract: The study was performed to identify the possibility of radionuclide tomo-ventriculorgraphy (RTVG) in the evaluation of mechanical dyssynchrony of myocardium intracardiac hemodynamics in ventricular arrhythmias in children. We examined 76 children with ventricular arrhythmias (average age 13.2 ± 3.7 years), including 16 patients before and after radiofrequency ablation procedures. All patients underwent RTVG. In patients with ventricular arrhythmias we identified zones of asynchronous contraction of the myocardium (ACM) and reduction hemodynamics with increasing intraventricular dyssynchrony. After radiofrequency ablation (RFA) there was a significant decrease in the number of ACM, improvement of contractile function and decrease of intraventricular dyssynchrony of the right ventricle.

Abstract: The main focus of the paper is to estimate the possibility of trimethylhydrasine propionate application to prevent an acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. The study included women with breast cancer. Main group were injected intravenously trimethylhydrasine propionate prior to chemotherapy. For the cancer treatment of these patients doxorubicin was used. All patients were examined by GATE SPECT before starting chemotherapy and 1 hour after the first administration of doxorubicin. After doxorubicin administration in the control group there was a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and an increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume. After administration of doxorubicin 40% of patients had a significant reduction in LVEF. Prophylactic use of trimethylhydrasine propionate allows reducing acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity incidences by 22.5%.

Abstract: Basic scintigraphy data reflecting into lung microcirculation and ventilation were studied at 12 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of I-II degree against the background of coronary artery disease (CAD). The bilateral increase in an apical-basal gradient of perfusion that signaled about redistribution of a pulmonary blood-groove in the top parts of lungs and development of pulmonary hypertension and also slowing-down of alveolar-capillary permeability (ACP) was revealed. The revealed violations indicate more expressed changes of pulmonary microcirculation and ventilation at patients with COPD in combination with CAD and promote timely pharmacotherapy correction of the specified combined disease. Pulmonary ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy with ^99mТc-labeled macro-aggregates of serum albumin (MAA) and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) acid have all necessary properties for receiving high-quality lung scan.