Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1084

Abstract: This work is devoted to study the possibility of using a nuclear track membrane for ophthalmology in epithelial-endothelial corneal dystrophy treatment. Experiments were conducted using the track membrane “TOMTREK” based on polyethylenterephthalate (PET) with pores diameters (0.2-0.8)micron and (5x10⁶-2x10⁹) pores/cm² density. The pores were formed by irradiating the polymer PET ⁴⁰Ar⁺⁸ ions with energy 41.5 MeV. After irradiation, the membrane was chemically treated in the alkaline solution. Imparting hydrorhilicity membrane was the next step. Contact angle of the wettability the surface track membrane was measured just after the chemical treatment in NaOH and after 10 hours in air. The surface had been processed by the plasma self-sustained volume discharge to give the surface the hydrorhilic properties of the membrane. The maximum voltage on plasma discharge was 20-22 kV. The energy density in the discharge was 6·10^-4 J/cm² per pulse. Pulse repetition rate was 10³ s^-1. Samples of 6x6 cm were attached in a special rotating device. Thus, the effects were both surfaces of the membrane. After surface treatment, TM samples were placed in plastic bags. After a night contact angle of wetting was measured with these samples. Disks treating by the plasma were cut. The disk’s diameter was 6-8 cm. The edges of the disks were incised and processed with hot temperature in order to obtain the model of an appropriate shape. It was a shape of a truncated sphere with a certain radius of curvature. Then, the membrane was sterilized and implanted into the anterior chamber of the pig’s eye. Thus, we tested the methods of barrier keratoplasty using the nuclear track membrane.

Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of using brain SPECT with ^99mTc-HMPAO to estimate long-term prognosis of the development of neurocognitive deficits in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The study included 22 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent a standard estimate of neurological status, ^99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT and neuropsychological testing before CABG, 14 days and 6 months after surgical intervention. The results showed that ^99mTc-HMPAO is useful radiopharmaceutical for evaluation of long-term prognosis of the development of neurocognitive deficits in patients after CABG. Thus, in 96% of patients after CABG one could observe the early cognitive deficit, which persisted in 55% of cases after 6 months. At that, a correlation between the deterioration of long-term memory after 6 months and a decrease in perfusion in the temporal lobes was detected in the early postoperative period.

Abstract: Studying the possibility of using the radiopharmaceutical to identify sentinel lymph nodes were carried out on male rats. The preparation was injected subcutaneously in the I interfinger space of the right forelimb. Radiometry of rats’ organs showed that the studied preparation was actively accumulated in the axillary lymph node after subcutaneous injection. The experimental study of the pharmacokinetics of radiopharmaceutical based on gamma-oxide aluminum labeled with ^99mTc showed that the analyzed RPP can be successfully used for lymphoscintigraphy and visualization of sentinel node starting with the 15^th minute and up to the 24^th hour after subcutaneous injection.

Abstract: The study included 138 breast cancer patients, who received the complex treatment and radiotherapy alone with the use of 6.3 MeV fast neutrons generated within U-120 cyclotron. Neutron therapy used for the prevention of local recurrence was shown to be effective in multimodality treatment of patients with locally advanced breast cancer, and in cases with locally advanced tumor recurrences it is often the only treatment to prolong life of breast cancer patients.

Abstract: This paper demonstrates a method for production of the radiopharmaceutical meta-iodobenzilguanidin (MIBG) labeled with radionuclide iodine-123 (123I). An experimental installation has been developed and the conditions of solid-phase synthesis of the preparation have been described. The influence of the content of ammonium sulfate in the reaction mixture and the temperature and duration of dry synthesis on the process of labeling has been researched. It has been established experimentally that when the ratio of MIBG and ammonium sulfate is 1:4, it is efficient to carry out synthesis at the temperature of 150°C to rapidly obtain a preparation with radiochemical purity of over 97%. Biomedical tests of the synthesized preparation have been carried out in experimental animals. Its functional suitability for scintigraphic studies has been shown.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the possibilities of radiocardiopulmonography with radiopharmaceutical "Sodium pertechnetate-Tc-99m, the extraction" produced at Tomsk Polytechnic University in the diagnostics, assessment of the severity and monitoring of pulmonary- heart disturbances in patients with coronary heart disease complicated by chronic heart failure of different functional classes.

Abstract: To study the diagnostic capabilities of planar breast scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with ^99mTc-MIBI in visualizing of breast tumors, 61 patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer were included in the study. The results showed that sensitivity of the planar mode in identifying primary breast tumors was 46%. The sensitivity of SPECT in detecting primary tumor was 93.4%. The sensitivity of the planar mode in visualization of nodal metastases was 44.8%, against 93.1% in SPECT. This study showed that SPECT has a high diagnostic efficiency in regard of visualization of small sized tumors, multicenter tumor growth, identifying space-occupying lesions on the background of modified breast tissue.

Abstract: We present long-term treatment outcomes of 201 patients with breast carcinoma who received a radical course of radiation therapy as a component of multimodality treatment. Ninety five of them received mixed photon-neutron therapy (the study group), and 106 patients received photon therapy (control group). All patients had stage III breast cancer. The presented data on the mixed photon-neutron therapy prove feasibility of achievement of high efficiency of treatment and satisfactory level of quality of patient’s life. This approach opens additional opportunities for expansion of a scope of neutrons in oncology.

Abstract: Tumor response to 6.3 MeV fast neutrons generated by U-120 cyclotron was assessed. The study included: 26 patients with locally advanced breast cancer, who received neutron therapy in the regimen of high-dose daily fractions, followed by surgery; 41patients with head and neck cancer and 44 patients with musculoskeletal system cancer. The devised method of 6.3 MeV neutron therapy given in high-dose fractionation regimen resulted in complete tumor response compared to the standard photon therapy.

Abstract: To compare the possibility of using multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan and Tc-99m MIBI gated SPECT for evaluation and forecast of anthracycline–induced cardiotoxicity. For the treatment of these patients we used doxorubicin in combination with various drugs. All patients were examined by MUGA or Gated SPECT before starting chemotherapy, at 1 hour after the first administration of doxorubicin and after the 4th course. The MUGA and Gated SPECT can be applied with equal efficiency for evaluation of acute and chronic anthracycline–induced cardiotoxicity in patients with malignant tumors. The decrease in LVEF (10% or more) in response to the first dose of doxorubicin can predict the development of chronic cardiotoxicity.