Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1084

Abstract: With the development of science and technology electronic stethoscopes appeared that allow recording sounds and visualizing them. This article describes the development and investigation of the digital auscultometer. The results revealed that the device has a high sensitivity and resolution and will allow to diagnose the disease at an early stage.

Abstract: The paper considers properties of nano-sized particles and methods of well-known technetium-99m-based nanocolloid materials preparation. We present a production technique of Al₂O_3-based nanocolloid labeled with technetium-99m developed at the Institute of Physics and Technology of TPU. We also give the results of preliminary medico-biological testing of ^99mТс (IV)-Al₂O₃ pharmaceutical on animals for determining its operational suitability for scintigraphic visualization of lymphatic nodes.

Abstract: The aim of the present work was to carry out biological dosimetry of the irradiation generated by NG-12I system implementing the stem hemopoietic cells survival in CBA mice with the use of the test of exogenous colony formation. The rate of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for radiation of NG-12I system, defined as a ratio of equal effective doses (in our research we used D0), amounted to 1.53 for an acute neutron irradiation and 3.05 for a fractionated neutron irradiation. Obtained data allows defining a total dose and one fraction dose of a neutron irradiation of NG-12I system for the complex photon-neutron therapy of oncological patients.

Abstract: To study the diagnostic capabilities of emission single photon computed tomography with ¹⁹⁹Tl in imaging of breast cancer 90 women with breast diseases were included in the study. During the research high indications of specificity 96.7% were obtained in the detection of breast cancer. The sensitivity of breast cancer visualization was 95%, while in the detection of tumors smaller than 10mm, the sensitivity was 75%, in detecting tumors more than 10mm - 98%. Considering the high sensitivity and specificity of SPECT with ¹⁹⁹Tl, we can recommend the use of this method as an additional diagnostic criterion in cases where other methods of radiation diagnosis and the results of morphological studies do not provide a clear answer.

Abstract: The study group comprised 91 patients with nasal cavity cancer and paranasal sinuses cancer who received the combined modality treatment with the use of 6.3 MeV fast neutrons generated within U-120 cyclotron. The method of combined modality treatment for locally advanced malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses was found to be more effective compared to the conventional treatment in terms of the 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates.

Abstract: The study analyses the current status and prospects of development of new radiation therapy methods, such as neutron capture therapy (NCT) and photon capture therapy (PCT), based on elements having high interaction cross section with radiations, to identify the benefits in their clinical application. One of the problems of NCT is the lack (or unavailability) of neutron sources with required intensity and spectrum. National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University has an opportunity of carrying out clinical studies, due to the presence of operating research nuclear reactor. However, the development of the medical neutron channel at this reactor is extremely challenging.

Abstract: To study the diagnostic efficiency of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with ^99mTc-MIBI 40 patients were chosen for diagnosing primary and recurrence of laryngeal or laryngopharyngeal cancer and as well as patients with benign diseases of the larynx. All patients underwent SPECT with ^99mTc-MIBI. As a result it has been found that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SPECT with ^99mTc-MIBI in the diagnostics of primary tumors of the larynx are 95%, 80% and 92%, respectively. The visualization of recurrent tumors of the larynx and laryngopharynx has showed 100% sensitivity. The obtained results have proved the consistency of SPECT with ^99mTc-MIBI as an additional method of diagnostics of laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the possibilities of dynamic renoscintigraphy with radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-DTPA labelled with sodium pertechnetate extraction that is produced at Tomsk Polytechnic University for the diagnostics, assessment of the severity and the nature of renal functional disorders in patients with coronary heart disease complicated by chronic heart failure.

Abstract: Radiation therapy is an organ sparing technique. However, radiation therapy near the liver, kidneys and other organs is not always possible due to they particular sensitivity to radiation. Because of this, there is a constant search for new therapies that could significantly improve existing ones. The most promising of these is electroporation. The layout of the device for the treatment of malignant tumors by electroporation is designed. The main specifications of the device are measured. Animal studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the device.

Abstract: Patients with parotid gland cancer underwent parotidectomy followed by neutron therapy. Organ-preserving surgery with fascial nerve preservation was performed in 28 patients. Dynamics of recovery processes in n. facialis and mimic musculature innerveted by this facial nerve was assessed by electroneuromyographic method. The quantitative evaluation of the quality of life of patients was carried out in accordance with International Protocol of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Organ-preserving surgery followed by neutron therapy for parotid gland cancer was found to result no in significant functional impairments of mimic musculature, speech and eating, thus allowing the terms of social adaptation to be reduced and life quality of patients to be improved.