Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1084

Abstract: The purpose of research was to investigate the diagnostic capabilities of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with Thallium-199 in the diagnostics of malignant tumors of the larynx and laryngopharynx. The study included patients with primary and recurrent malignant tumors of the larynx or laryngopharynx, and patients with benign diseases of the larynx. All patients underwent SPECT of the larynx after intravenous administration of ¹⁹⁹Tl. It turned out that SPECT with ¹⁹⁹Tl is an effective method for diagnosing laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer, having indices of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 95%, 100% and 96.7% respectively. According to our data, in the visualization of regional metastases the sensitivity of SPECT with ¹⁹⁹Tl has amounted to 75%.

Abstract: The article is devoted to using brain SPECT with ^99mTc-HMPAO for assessment of influence of antihypertensive therapy on the cerebral perfusion and cognitive function in arterial hypertension patients. By means of it is established that antihypertensive therapy has positive impact on brain perfusion within 6 months. In 24 weeks of hypotensive therapy there is an improvement of cognitive function: attention, psychomotor speed and thinking.

Abstract: Results of 30-year experience of using 6.3 MeV fast neutrons for cancer patients have been presented. The use of neutron therapy resulted in improved long-term clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Neutron therapy used alone and in combination with photon therapy for radioresistant malignant tumors resulted in higher overall and recurrence-free survival rates compared to the conventional photon therapy.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the estimation of the impact of hypotensive therapy on the state of cerebral perfusion in patients with AH, associated with type 2 DM using ^99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT. It has been shown that the signs of the brain hypoperfusion and reduced cerebrovascular reserve are observed in patients with AH in combination with type 2 DM even when focal neurological symptoms are absent. Using ^99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT it has been found that carvedilol therapy of about 6 months has a positive effect on the cerebral perfusion and cerebrovascular reserve status in these patients.

Abstract: Article focuses on the use of ^99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT for evaluation of cerebral blood flow in patients with arterial hypertension and identification of the relationship of brain perfusion and cognitive function. Using SPECT of brain with ^99mTc-HMPAO it was found out that hypertensive patients even in the absence of focal neurological symptoms have hypoperfusion of the brain which leads to cognitive dysfunction: decreased attention, psychomotor speed and slow thought processes.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate cerebral perfusion according to SPECT with ^99mTc- HMPAO in the patients with the implanted pacemaker because of persistent AF. The study included 17 patients with persistent AF who underwent brain SPECT, assessment of neurological status, cognitive function, and echocardiogram. It was done at baseline and 3 months after the establishment of a full cross-blockade by radiofrequency ablation of the atrioventricular connections and pacemaker implantation. The results showed that ^99mTc-HMPAO is useful radiopharmaceutical for assessment of cerebral perfusion in patients with persistent AF. The received data indicate that the pacemaker implantation surgery 3 months later, increasing left ventricular ejection fraction, systolic and cardiac outputs, has a positive effect on cerebral perfusion and leads to the improved neurocognitive function in patients.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of brain tomoscintigraphy with ^99mTc-HMPAO in the evaluation of cerebral blood flow in the patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as the study of the relationship of brain perfusion and cognitive function. The study included 54 patients with MS who have undergone perfusion single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) of the brain and neuropsychological testing before and after antihypertensive therapy. Thus, brain SPECT with ^99mTc-HMPAO in the patients with MS provides an opportunity to diagnose diffuse disorders of cerebral circulation in the different regions of the brain, leading to cognitive dysfunction in these patients. Close relationship between the parameters of cerebral perfusion and cognitive performance status of the patients was identified.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to research the use of the radiopharmaceutical ^99mTc-HMPAO in the evaluation of drug prevention of cerebral complications in patients with coronary heart disease after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The study included 30 patients, in whom surgical revascularization was performed with CPB. 11 patients in this group were prescribed instenon. All the patients underwent brain tomoscintigraphy with ^99mTc-HMPAO and neuropsychological testing before CABG and 10-15 days after it. The results showed that ^99mTc-HMPAO is useful radiopharmaceutical for evaluation of cerebral complications in patients after CABG. Thus, coronary artery bypass grafting using CPB can be complicated by the deterioration of cerebral perfusion and cognitive dysfunction, while preventive medication with instenon can prevent or significantly reduce the violations of cerebral hemodynamics and neuropsychological status of the patients.

Abstract: Our purpose was to study possibilities of autoleukocyte, labelled in vitro with ^99m Tc-exametazine (^99m Tc-HMPAO), in evaluation of inflammatory changes of myocardium at patients with persistent form of atrial fibrillation (AF).We examined 30 patients with idiopathic persistent form of AF. For identification of the inflammatory areas in a myocardium before ablation scintigraphy (SPECT) ^99mTc-HMPAO – leucocytes was carried out. Upon completion of scanning a perfusion scintigraphy of a myocardium with a ^99mTc-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (^99mTc-MIBI) (‘Tehnetril, ^99mTc’, JSC Diamed, Russia) in rest under the standard protocol was carried out. Pathologic accumulation of ^99mTc-HMPAO-leukocytes in a myocardium was revealed at 6 (20%) of the examined patients. Sensitivity of SPECT with ^99mTc-HMPAO-leukocytes in diagnostics of inflammatory changes of a myocardium, according to our data, was - 80%, specificity - 92%, diagnostic accuracy - 90%.

Abstract: Reflectance pulse oximeter is designed to determine arterial blood oxygen saturation during a radiation therapy. Proposed solutions promote to reduce the impact of sensor motion on the readings. Experimentally obtained optimal contact pressure of the sensor on the body is 0.7 N. The preliminary results show that the device has good resolution and high reliability.