Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1084

Abstract: The possibility of obtaining and using technetium-99m-labeled glucose derivatives for the diagnosis of malignant tumors by the method of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been considered. The level of international and domestic developments on this topic has been analyzed. The authors made an attempt to develop pilot batches of lyophilizates on the basis of various glucose derivatives for further obtaining appropriate radiopharmaceuticals (RPC).

Abstract: The results of the calibration of the Gafchromic EBT3 polymer film for photon and electron beams with different energies are presented. The results of these studies show that the use of film dosimetry for electron and photon beams in the dose range 0.2 - 40 Gy is possible. The resulting calibration curves are the same for electrons with different energies (2 MeV, 10 MeV), but there exists a difference for photons with the energy of 10 MV and 70 kV.

Abstract: We study the possibilities of radionuclide methods of research for identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in gastric cancer. As a result of the intraoperative radiometric research the SLN were identified in all 48 patients. The study of distant lymph nodes reveals the presence of a metastatic lesion of SLN in 27 patients (56.2 %). In 21 patients (43.8 %) there was no metastatic lesion of SLN. Intraoperative radiometric indication allows to determine the "sentinel" lymph nodes with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%. The study of "sentinel" lymph nodes is indicated for patients with depth of invasion of T1-T2 and tumor size of less than 3 cm.

Abstract: The authors have researched the possibility of radioactive ^99mTc labeling of the surface of carbon-coated nano-sized ferrum Fe@C particles as well as Fe@C (IDA) particles modified by aryldiazonium tosilates. Non-modified particles proved to absorb up to 11.2 % of ^99mТс injected amount. The value of atomic absorption does not exceed 0.736∙10^-9 g-at ^99mТс per 1 g of Fe@C. No physical absorption is observed on modified particles of Fe@C (IDA). In chemical interaction of the particles with ^99mTc in the presence of a reducing agent, Sn (II), the yield of the labeled product increases 1.5 times and reaches 21.3% of the total induced radioactivity of the radionuclide.

Abstract: The open fracture of femur has been experimentally modeled on dogs. A comparative analysis of the consolidation process under the osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov apparatus (the first group of animals) and the combination of osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov apparatus and intramedullary reinforcement with hydroxyapatite-coated wires (the second group of animals) has been carried out. Fracture consolidation in the second group has been confirmed morphologically in 2-3 weeks without signs of fibrous and cartilaginous tissue. In case of osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov apparatus only, the process of reparative regeneration was slowed down.

Abstract: The paper studies the iodine-123 extraction process from the targets of enriched Tellurium-122 irradiated by deuterons at the cyclotron R-7M. We researched the regularities of radionuclide accumulation in the absorbent solution tank, depending on the temperature and air pumping regime through the system. As a result, we suggested a separate temperature treatment of the targets with the purpose of their preliminary purification from impurities and subsequent obtaining of "Na¹²³I" preparation with radiochemical yield 97%.

Abstract: In the article the dose rate measurement technique of the pulsed X-ray source RAP-160-5 is presented. The examples of the dose rate spatial distribution for the different pulsed X-ray tube parameters at the different distance between the pulsed X-ray source focus and the detector are demonstrated. The recommendations for the radiation dose optimization to the objects under investigation from the different distance between the pulsed X-ray source focus and the detector are proposed.

Abstract: New experiments using atmospheric pressure plasma have found large application in biology and medicine. Cold air plasma treatment can be used to modify the surface of different materials for a variety of applications. The emission spectroscopy data confirmed the presence of different reactive species in the discharge gap. Surface treatments using this dry plasma technology offer an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional wet chemical methods of microorganisms destruction, biological tissue treatment, in vitro and in vivo cell treatment. The use of cold plasma technology removes contaminants at the nanometer level.

Abstract: The paper presents an approach to evaluating the effectiveness of physical protection systems (PPS). Considering the fact that different processes are subject to universal physical laws and principles of development, a parallel was drawn between the concepts of conflict resolution field to description of interaction in the system “outsider – PPS”. The description of mathematical model in the form of dependence with respect to the real conflict in the system “outsider – PPS” is given. The result of the model analysis is determination of the parameter, allowing estimating the rate of threat increase in conflict situation. Also competence of PPS operator is considered in the framework of the work. Furthermore, actions of operator were taken as a key factor affecting the efficiency of the whole security system. To resolve identified issues ways to develop special qualities required for the operator and their professional skills through training were suggested. Also the issues of control of psychophysiological characteristics of PPS staff were addressed.

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the best material selection for additional safety barrier construction during uranium-graphite reactors decommissioning. The research findings show that the best material for safety barriers is clay-containing natural material of various types with counter-migrational and counter-filtrational qualities. We have demonstrated a technology for void-free filling of cavities in the reactor space of under-decommissioning uranium-graphite reactors on the site of JSC Pilot and Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors (PDC UGR). This will make it possible to construct reliable man-made geo-barriers and prevent the release of radionuclides from the repository into the environment for thousands of years.