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The type with dense rivers and dominant land. In such region, there are a lot of rivers, which are distributed in land space in net shape, but land plays a leading role in this region. The land in this region is relatively neat (Fig.1) and convenient for town construction. Expansion of town space is influenced a lot by traffic with little restraint of terrain. Fig.1 Ecological characteristics with dense river networks and dominant land Fig.3 Island and peninsula ecological characteristics with lakes as the main body Fig.2 Ecological characteristics with dense rivers and lakes and assistant land
DOI: 10.3726/978-3-653-04288-7/13
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The type with dense rivers and lakes and assistant land. In such region, there are a lot of rivers and lakes in dominant position and there is only a little land. What is more, the land is segmented into many pieces in different size and shapes by rivers and lakes network. The spatial pattern of land is piecemeal and the influence of rivers and lakes on spatial pattern of towns is obvious (Fig.2), such as area from Yangcheng to Dianliu and Taoge Pingtian area to the east and west of Tai Lake.
DOI: 10.1163/9789004249752_004
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Water-network pattern and the continuation of its connotation Water-network is the core one among the many elements of water-network small town. Water-network small towns will never lose their characteristics if only the tangible water-network pattern can be protected adequately and its invisible connotation can continue, however the elements of the visible pattern of water-network small towns change under the natural forces or non-natural forces. On the contrary, if the water-network is abandoned, the ecological problems of small towns will show themselves obviously. For example, Honghe Town and Puyuan Town, etc., abandoned the ancient town which had been formed relying on the water-network, and has developed along State Road 320. Their farms, rivers, pools and marshes, etc., have become built-up areas.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6759
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Healthy ecological network The ecological network mainly consists of landscape patches and ecological corridors. It can adjust many contradictions between the urban space and the natural space to a large extent to construct urban ecological network as importantly as urban artificial physical space. Ecological network and urban physical space form the relationship of conjugate alternation. The former avoids or limits the boundless urban spread, providing favorable ecological environment, while the latter promotes the ecological and cultural connotation of the former, highlighting the value of its existence[] Ma Zhiyu. Study of Urban Ecological Network Construction Based on Principles of Landscape Ecology – Take Changzhou City as an Example . Master's thesis of Suzhou Science and Technology College(2007). .
DOI: 10.1007/s11355-007-0030-3
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With clear boundary The ideal water-network small town spatial pattern should also have clear growth boundary, clear natural landscape pattern and healthy regional ecological system. It is very important to make the boundary of the water-network region clear for the protection of the paddy fields, arable lands and water-network marshes in the water-network region. Nowadays, the phenomenon of building houses and factory buildings at random is relatively serious in the water-network regions. Small towns are spreading out of order, various elements expand outwards at will under various forces, and the construction land and non-construction land of villages and small towns mix with each other and are very fragmentary[] Chinese society for urban studies. China's Low Carbon Eco-City Development Strategy. Beijing: China Urban Press(2009). . 4.5.2 Spatial pattern under the eco-oriented notion The ideal water-network small town spatial pattern shall be the spatial pattern under the eco-oriented notion. It shall fully consider the relationship between small towns and the larger regional ecological environment that they lie in, and merge small towns and nature to organize and form a kind of compact and opening spatial pattern, within the restriction of small town spatial development boundary, within the zoning limits of spatial development of small towns, and under the premise of ecological spatial network optimization. There isn't any set mode for every pattern's development. It may shift from a mode to another, and even become the comprehensive development of the regional relations. Therefore, it becomes the essence of the idea about small town spatial pattern under the Eco-oriented Notion to make efficient and intensive use of land, make the layout relatively compact, mix the functions, develop with good balance and establish the corresponding social organization structure.
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Contiguous centralized compact mode The advantage of this type of spatial pattern is that the elements of small town spatial pattern are distributed compactly in space, which benefits the exchange and connection between the various elements, makes the residents live conveniently, shortens their trip distance and improves the efficiency of social economic activities' connection. What's more, it also makes it convenient to set relatively comprehensive public service facilities and improve the utilization of the infrastructure construction. The towns of this spatial pattern mode shall pay attention to coordinating the relations between short and long term development, avoiding the unplanned development of small towns' space in "spreading out the big pie" way.
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Group dispersing mode The spatial pattern of group dispersing type mainly lies in areas with dense lakes and land as supporting part[] Mary E, Northridge，Elliott D，Sclar，Padmini Biswas. Sorting Out the Connections Between the Built Environment and Health：A Conceptual Framework for Navigating Pathways and Planning Healthy Cities. Journal of Urban Health. Dec2003，80(4). . The advantages of this type of spatial pattern are that small towns' space can be combined with natural space organically, and towns' landscape is relatively good, people can go close to nature. It is easier to deal with the relations of small towns' short and long term development. It is dispersing in form but its connection in function is close and the groups develop compactly. However, the economic cost of the construction and management of the infrastructure in this spatial pattern is relatively high, and the traffic has a great effect on the residents' trip. The emphases of this type of small town spatial pattern are to deal with the relations between all groups and the scale of groups well, arrange the functional space of small towns reasonably, create certain producing and living conditions locally and reduce the unnecessary traffic pressure. 5 Conclusions The water-network small town spatial pattern develops under the action of natural forces and unnatural forces. Under the action of many forces, the elements of the figure and the ground of the spatial pattern convert to each other and change continuously, and on the whole they show certain regularity, systematicness, self-organization and the ability of being regulated and controlled, and the development trends of circle-type, jump-type and axial expansion, etc. Through grasping these characteristics and trends of water-network small town spatial pattern's evolvement, this thesis puts forward the water-network small town spatial pattern mode, providing guidance of ideas for the regulation and control of water-network small town spatial pattern. Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Jiangsu Province, graduate research and innovation projects, "Research of ecological method in small towns water network protect, southern of Jiangsu Province"（CX09S_047Z）
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