Advanced Materials Research Vols. 383-390

Abstract: The effect of subzero treatment on tool steels is well known, and is commercially practiced for certain varieties of tool steels. Substantial research is being carried out on the behavior of tool steels after cryogenic treatment (CT). While it has been established that CT improves the wear properties in some steels, the mechanism of this behavioral aspect is not yet fully known. Most work has been focused on AISI M2 high speed steel related to the effect on different properties, but the microstructural change is not yet conclusively identified. Neither the past research has brought forth the exact principles on which CT should be based. Some of these important issues are addressed in this paper.

Abstract: PVC Resin has a great deal of excellent performances. It is corrosion preventive, inflaming retarding, resistant to wear and is insulated and so on. At the same time, its price is very competitive. Therefore, PVC Resin is being widely applied in a lot of aspects, which include bars, tubular products, thin films, antiseptic materials, insulation materials as well as building materials, and so on. It is a thermoplastic plastic which is of great importance. However, PVC Resin has large brittleness; its heating stability is not good; the performances of shock resistance are low and the handling characteristics are not good. In order to further improve its performances, PVC Resin must be modified. This paper studies on the inorganic material modification of PVC. From the perspective of the industry of plastic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a kind of thermoplastic plastic which is of great importance. The field of application of PVC is very diverse. It can be used in multiple scopes, which include tubular products, thin films, structural sections, insulation mate-rials as well as bars and so on. As for the volume of production, it is next only to polyethylene in worldwide output of resin, ranking the second place. Polyvinyl chloride has a great amount of ex-cellent performances. For example, it is not flammable, insulated, corrosion preventive, as well as resistant to wear and so on. The most outstanding advantages of PVC are that its price is extremely competitive, and that its tensile strength as well as bending strength is larger than the ordinary gen-eral purpose plastics. However, PVC Resin is polar non crystalline polymer. The molecular of PVC Resin have very strong interactions. The material is hard and brittle, and its shock strength is low. This shortage restrains its further development as well as its application. In order to overcome this shortage of PVC resin, it should be modified so that its ductility can be improved. This is also one of the key content that is currently studied on.

Abstract: A rotary airlock valve is a widely used device in material handling processes. It can be applied to the conveying of pyrolyzing wood chips into pyrolysis ovens for wood vinegar production. In a pyrolysis process, the process conducted in a closed system, under limited amount of air and high temperature conditions, and then a rotary airlock valve is provided for conveying pyrolyzing wood chips to be pyrolyzed. This research aims to design and develop a rotary airlock valve to achieve a uniform feed and an airlock operation (feeding without leaking), and consequently to improve its performance, for using in continuous pyrolysis process, in which a continuous material feeding is required. Due to the better airlock the better pyrolysis product yields. The rotary airlock valve is designed by concept of minimum clearance between the blade tips and the housing, along with using a rotor with the adjustable and replaceable blade tips mounted on blades welded to a rotor shaft, and a packing seal, in the closed rotor, and thus minimize leakage. According to the airlock performance test results of the developed rotary airlock valve, its performance improved approximately 60% when compared to the conventional counterpart. In this paper, conclusions for future research are described.

Abstract: An all-acrylic-based 1x2 plastic optical fiber (POF) coupler has been designed and manufactured. The optical device is based on a simple 1x2 Y-branch coupler design with a middle high index contrast waveguide taper and splitting ratio of 50:50. Device modeling has been performed using non-sequential ray tracing with an insertion loss of 4.68 dB. Machining of the optical device has been performed using EGX400 desktop engraver system. 1 mm milling tool size with machine spindle speed of 15,000 rpm has been utilized. A simple optimization on the milling process prior to machining improved the coupling surfaces between the POF fibers and the waveguide taper. POF fibers are inserted into the engraved u-grooves and are passively aligned to the waveguide taper. The measured insertion loss is 7.5 dB and with a splitting ratio of 50:50.

Abstract: The driving motor is an important executive component of electrical wheelchair. Its performance and quality directly influence wheelchair’s function. For permanent magnetic direct-current motor in electrical wheelchair, its main designed character, structure and the designed method are discussed, and the system parameter and identity are shown. The wheelchair motor performance test displayed that it achieved Japanese standard. A useful reference for continuing develops of products can be looking forward to.

Abstract: Hollow micro/nanosphere materials have the especial structure, excellent physical and chemical properties, so they have the broad application prospect in some fields, such as energy conservation, environmental protection, new energy and so on. This paper summarizes the adhibition of hollow micro/nanosphere materials in energy conservation, environmental protection, new energy and so on. And this paper prospects the research area and application prospect of the hollow micro/nanosphere material.

Abstract: Battery management system (BMS) in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) not only can measure the main parameters of battery packs such as current, voltage, and temperature, but also estimate the state of charge (SOC) of battery packs. This paper proposes a broad approach for the design of battery management system. The new design can improve the cycle life and safety capability. With the model well designed, the parameters required are obtained and the SOC estimation is completed. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) was chosen to make the last estimate with the reliable battery model which was used to the non-linear system to estimate SOC and suitable for AUV applications. The experiments results prove that the data measured by battery management system have high precision and reliability. The estimated error of SOC was also small, which was better than other approaches for estimate.

Abstract: A new material level noise measuring method of steel ball coal mill was proposed on the basis of energy entropy of wavelet packet and least squares support vector machines. First, four layers wavelet packet decomposition of the acquired noise signals was performed and the wavelet packet energy entropy was extracted; then the eigenvector of wave packet of the noise signals was constructed, the least squares support vector machines were trained to intelligent material level measuring by taking this eigenvector as sample. The simulation result from the proposed method is effective and feasible.

Abstract: A real-time inertial navigation system (INS) for mobile miniature robots was proposed, which mainly consists of hardware platform and software system. Based on the principles of embedded system, and by use of MEMS-based inertial measurement units (IMU) and micro control units (MCU) including ARM and CPLD, a compact, low-power-consumption, low-cost, and universal real-time hardware platform was constructed for the navigation system. Besides, a μC/OS-II real-time operating system was transplanted for software developing, where all the algorithms of digital signal processing, data interpolation, navigation calculating were realized. Furthermore, a fuzzy system was designed for sensor data fusion so as to achieve accurate navigation. Finally, the MEMS-based INS was fully tested via experiments on a mobile miniature robot. Experiments results show that average error of the heading angle estimation is about 0.56%, average error of Attitude angle estimation is 2.57%, and the maximum error of plane position is about 10%, which indicates that this INS satisfies requirements of mobile miniature robots.

Abstract: In view of the extremely weak scattered light in PCS nano-particle size analyzer, a photon counter consisting of a PMT, amplifier, discriminator and pulse counter is designed. A double-counter structure is adopted in pulse counter in order to realize “glue” counter. The standard polystyrene particles are measured by using this counter, and the correlation of the collected photons was implemented. The experimental results show that the counter can reach the precision of PCS nano-particle size analyzer.