Advanced Materials Research Vols. 396-398

Abstract: In order to explore the application of near-infrared spectrum technology in the grading of purchased flue-cured tobacco, positive group of flue-cured tobacco with different grades was gathered; the near-infrared spectral data across different grades, in the same grade, and different test zones of the same tobacco leaf were determined and acquired to analyze their near-infrared spectral characteristics and their representativeness. The findings indicated that the positive group of flue-cured tobacco was highly homogeneous; there was identical near-infrared spectral characteristics in any zone of the same tobacco leaf; the peaks and troughs of wave length of the near-infrared spectral characteristics of different samples with identical grade were also consistent, with extremely insignificant difference in reflectivity; the near-infrared spectral difference between the tobacco leaves with different grades was much more significant than that in different test zones of the same tobacco leaf. It was highly probable to take the reflectance ratio of the peaks and troughs of wave length as the standard for grade classification. It is feasible to appraise the quality of purchased flue-cured tobacco using near-infrared spectral data.

Abstract: The InVO4-based photocatalysts loaded with metal oxides (Fe2O3, CuO, NiO) were synthesized by wet impregnation method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS). The influence of different metal oxides loading (Fe2O3, CuO, NiO) on the photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 was discussed. It is found that Fe2O3-loaded InVO4 significantly enhance the methanol yield through promoting the effective separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs.

Abstract: The supercritical fluid flow jetted out from a nozzle was divided into two stages, free jetting and passing through the porous media, in a supercritical spray dyeing process. According to the nature of the flow, the free jetting model and passing through porous media model were established separately. Based on the established models, the characteristics of supercritical fluid flow field in the supercritical fluid spray dyeing process were investigated firstly in this paper. Distributions of the temperature and pressure and their influencing factors in the flow field, which are the determinants of the spray dyeing process, were obtained and analyzed. Besides, the mass flow and covering diameter sprayed by supercritical fluid were studied. The simulating analysis may provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the actual process of supercritical fluid spray dyeing.

Abstract: ANAMMOX is a biological reaction system that it can convert ammonium and nitrite to N2 without organic matter and oxygen in reactor. The reaction happened in anaerobic conditions, so it needs little energy. But ammonia oxidation belongs to difficult development germ, this restricted the technology application at the industry. The UBF reactor was used to treat ammonium-rich wastewater in the test, and we control the pH is about 8, HRT is 24h and temperature is about 28°C. Abundant ammonia oxidations were cultured succeed in the UBF reactor. Ammonium and nitrite achieve 89% and 92% respectively and the volume load of reactor is 0.773kgTN/m3.d after 100d of operating UBF reactor.

Abstract: Abstract. Sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the important factors on the treatment of contaminated water by using aerobic microbes. So that oxygen transfer becomes one of the hot spots on the research and development of the wastewater treatment engineering. Oxygen transfering is intensified by the accelerator for biological reaction. In this paper, the schoolyard domestic sewage was processed by the method of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge processing. Some important factors, e.g. the dosage of the accelerator for biological reaction, and the effect of the aeration time and intensity on the CODCr removal efficiency have been investigated, the optimum conditions have been chosen.

Abstract: The effect of enzymatic treatment with amylase and cellulase on Tartary Buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn) bran dietary fiber was evaluated by studying its chemical composition, physicochemical property and microstructure. Tartary buckwheat bran flour, obtained from residues of tartary buckwheat processing exhibited high contents of dietary fiber (44.2±0.3%), starch (31.94±0.27%), lipid (5.18±0.14%) and total ash (2.91±0.04%), and a low level of crude protein (3.12±0.11%). The contents of hemicellulose, cellulose and klason lignin were 23.80±0.21%, 17.48±0.25% and 4.06±0.21%, respectively. Total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents were 13.32mg GAE/g and 37.43mg RE/g, respectively. The water holding capacity (WHC) and swelling capacity (SC) were 2.22±0.07 g/g and 2.33±0.10 mL/g. After the extraction process with amylase, the dietary fiber, total polyphenols, total flavonoids contents of crude enzymatic extract were increased to 83.5±0.27%, 27.61 mg GAE/g, 52.14 mg RE/g, respectively. Its WHC and SC also grew up to 2.38±0.12 g/g and 4.67±0.09 mL/g, while the starch content was decreased significantly. The crude enzymatic extract from tartary buckwheat bran was modified by cellulase. After the modification treatment, the increasing proportion of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) against total dietary fiber (TDF) was detected, and its WHC and SC also grew up to 2.58±0.11 g/g and 5.13±0.12 mL/g respectively. By Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis, it was also learned that the size of DF particles were decreased, which had a positive correlation with WHC and SC. The SEM photos showed that the modification processing increased the surface area of DF.

Abstract: An anaerobic solid state fermentation (ASSF) of porcine blood by two ferment agents was investigated. The free amino acids (FAA) content was applied as reference indicator, response surface design of Box-Behnken (BBD) was used to select the optimum conditions of ASSF of porcine blood. The optimum conditions were determined as porcine blood moisture of 76.0%, fermentation time of 7d, fermentation temperature of 39.0±0.5 oC, addition of the components of the mixture as follows: wheat bran 10.8 g , corn flour 1.2 g, Active 99 ferment agent I 0.768 g, Active 99 ferment agent II 0.19 g, porcine blood 86.0 g, resulting in FAA content of 23.8 mg/g. Evaluation experiments revealed that FAA content of 22.9 mg/g, which was 96.2% of the predicted value using Eq.2, and achieved a 14-fold increase comparing with the 1.5 mg/g which is the FAA content of unfermented mixture. It was confirmed that the protein of porcine blood was degraded into small peptides by Sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).

Abstract: The lime milk was ground with colloid mill in which the particles became finer and modified with mechanical intensification. The results, after the lime milk was ground for 60s and then used to the clarification of sugar juice, showed that: the purity of the clarified juice increased 1.5~2.0 percentage points, the lime salts decreased 0.02 percentage point, the color value and the reducing sugar also went down.

Abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) were used to determine the volatile composition of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The optimal extraction conditions for the oils yield within the experimental range of variables examined were temperature 40 °C, pressure 60 MPa, and extraction time 150 min. The maximum measured extraction yield was 12.34 ± 0.20 %. The chemical composition of the volatile compounds was adsorpted and analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), respectively. A total of 35 compounds were identified including 2 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 1 ketone, 2 furans, 4 acids, 2 amines, 5 aromatic compounds, and 13 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Starch is a kind of natural polymers and belongs to the renewable resources. Starch grain in the interior has crystallization area and non-crystalline area where the chemical reactions occur. In this paper, the effect of microwave cassava starch on the physical and chemical properties and characterizated by infrared spectrum and scan electrical microscope (SEM) was investigated. The transparency increase, the viscosity reduce and the anti-sedimentation enhanced after microwave action on tapioca starch. The result of infrared spectrum and scan electrical microscope shows that the original basic structure of cassava starch by microwave has not been damaged but the crystalline structure has been destroyed, which results in the reducing of the crystallinity of starch, the increasing of the contact area of particles and reaction reagents and the improving of the reaction activities .