Advanced Materials Research Vol. 413

Abstract: Since wood is the main component of the applied raw materials, it can be used as matrix in carbon composites, also it can be taken into consideration as a cost effective advanced application and have this potential to suppress many expensive fabrication and finishing procedures. Wood samples from Oak tree (Quercus suber) were heated at different temperatures to produce porous carbon templates. Subsequently, the Carbonized wood was infiltrated with an epoxy in order to fabricate the final carbon/epoxy composite. Scanning electron microscopy was used to elucidate parameters affecting on microstructure and wear properties of products. In this context, artificial neural networks (ANN) and design of experiments method (DOE) was implemented to analyze the wear performance of a new class of cellulose based composites. This work indicates that epoxy shows good reinforcement characteristics as it improves the sliding wear resistance of the carbon matrix and that factors like carbonization temperature, sliding distance and normal load are the important factors affecting the wear behaviors.

Abstract: The thermal stability of petroleum asphalt is closely related to the source of the resource properties. The paper lists the test results of the elemental analysis, the four-component analysis and the TG analysis test to the three kings of asphalt which is the before and after aging samples. The results show the thermal stability of the before and after aging of asphalt is mainly embodied of the main elements content, components composition and characterist groups. Through the intervention to them, the qualified products can be produced to meet the technical performance.

Abstract: In this Study, FeNi-Al2O3 nanocomposites with three different compositions were successfully synthesized through mechanical alloying of Fe2O3, Ni and Al powders mixture. Characterization of the products was accomplished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of various parameters such as chemical composition of starting materials, milling time and annealing on the phase evolution, morphology and microhardness of samples was investigated. It was found that FeNi matrix nanocomposites reinforced with 10, 15 and 30wt.% of Al2O3 were fabricated in 300, 240 and 180 min of milling, respectively. The crystallite size of the intermetallic FeNi phase and particle size of Al2O3 in the 720 min milled FeNi-30wt.%Al2O3 nanocomposite sample were calculated 28nm and 5.15 µm, respectively. Microhardness results also showed the same sample had the maximum hardness value of 790 HV.

Abstract: The testing experiments to healthy poplar and larch logs samplings were conducted by using hydraulic machine. The relationships among compression and bending strength, modulus of elasticity in compression and bending were studied in the two logs samplings. The results indicated that, in the both species, the compression strength had certain linear correlation with bending strength, and so did the modulus of elasticity in compression and bending. Meanwhile there were remarkable linear correlations with the compression strength and the modulus of elasticity in compression as well as the bending strength and the modulus of elasticity in bending.

Abstract: This research presents a novel process for dry wood parts carbonization to net shape porous carbon body which retains all the wood’s anatomical feature. Due to reasonable price, easy shaping and good formability of wood, as a raw material, it can be used in several advanced cellulose-based applications without any special finishing steps. The interpretation of how carbonization parameters such as heat treatment temperature, carbonization time and initial density of wood affects the final solid carbon characteristics is a fundamental step in this technology improvement and is discussed in this study. A fuzzy logic (FL) method was implemented as a powerful and accurate way for predicting the bulk density change in special tree wood samples during carbonization process. Besides, a regression relationship is established between above parameters and subsequently, significance of each one was identified. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to elucidate the porous carbon microstructure of final product.

Abstract: The geomagnetic storm which is caused by the sun's activity is a global natural disaster. When the sun surface activity is exuberant, especially in sun spots period, the surface of the sun will release X-ray, ultraviolet, visible and high-energy proton or electron beam. Part of the charged particles form current and influence the earth's magnetic field, current shock caused severe change occurs, geomagnetic happens. it can induce Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC).The GIC has very big effect on various man-made long distance conductors. The electric field produced during a geomagnetic disturbance is dependent on the magnitude and frequency of magnetic field variations and the Earth’s surface impedance. The GIC in a conductor system is also related to the infrastructure of the system. This paper introduces the principle of GIC, algorithm method and the geomagnetic storms rules.

Abstract: As one of the key structures of hydropower underground projects, buried high-pressure steel bifurcations have complex structures and undefined force states. Based on practical condition of the buried high-pressure steel bifurcation of Sandaowan Hydropower Station, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model with parametric design language is established to analyze the changing law of the stress of the lining affected by the dimension of the strengthened beams. It is proposed that to increase the height of the strengthened beams can be reduce the phenomenon of stress concentration effectively in the bifurcation, which can be served as a theory reference for the engineering design and construction.

Abstract: This paper investigated a method that proteins were immobilized on platinum surface based on silicon substrate according to the concept self-assembled monolayers. At first, we produced actived carboxyl groups through surface modification of platinum surface on silicon substrate in reaction solution, and then utilized condensation reaction between proteins and carboxyl groups to immobilize proteins (cattle IgG). Secondly, we showed SEM photographs of surface morphologies of immobilization cattle IgG on silicon wafer. EDS energy spectrum microanalysis of cattle IgG immobilization on silicon wafer was also obtained by means of SEM. By contrast,it was evident that proteins (cattle IgG) can be immobilized effectively on the platinum surface on silicon using the experimental methods. Finally, there were tests of I-V characteristic and I-T characteristic of immobilized cattle IgG which demonstrated its temperature coefficient is .

Abstract: In order to improve the treatment capacity and effluent quality of the wastewater plant of an ordnance repairing factory in Guangzhou City, China. The wastewater treatment process was modified and the construction was extended. The factory mainly repairs military equipments in air force, discharges 1200 m³/d wastewater .The current operating conditions of original wastewater treatment equipments are unstable and the effluent quality is substandard, and that the capacity is inadequate.By upgrading the technology and tapping the potential of original process, enlarge the primary treatment capacity to 500 m³/d and build another treatment process with the treatment capacity of 700 m³/d.The total treatment capacity is adequate and effluent quality meet the demands of criteria A specified in DB44/26-2001 of Guangzhou.

Abstract: Thiol-functionalized MCM-48 (SH-MCM-48) was synthesized by co-condensation method, with co-templates of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and nonionic poly (ethylene oxide)–poly (propylene oxide)–poly (ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (Pluronic P123). The resulting material was characterized by XRD and FT-IR spectrum. The potential of SH-MCM-48 for adsorption Zn (II) from aqueous solution was examined. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the effect of experimental parameters including pH, metal ions concentration and adsorption time. The maximum adsorption capacities of Zn (II) onto SH-MCM-48 were 30.12, 34.01 and 38.02 mg g^-1 at the temperature of 303, 313 and 323K, respectively. The adsorption kinetics data were found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and adsorption isotherms were fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Moreover, the adsorption thermodynamic parameters (△G⁰, △H⁰ and △S⁰) were measured, and indicated that the adsorption was an exothermic and spontaneous process.