Advanced Materials Research Vol. 414

Abstract: By means of AAS analysis method, a study on the concentrations of Pb, Cd in the plants of four different species of plants and soils in the polluted sites by zinc smelting in north-west GuiZhou Province. The fractions of heavy metals in the soils were distinguished by the sequential extraction prcedure as mobile fraction and residual fraction. Heavy metal concentrations in the plant were found linearly increased with their concentrations in soils around plant rhizosphere. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the four plants followed the order Pb > Cd. Sambucus Chinensis and Ixeris gracilis were proved to have good metal-enriched and transport abilities. These plants would be useful to recover the ecology in these heavy metal polluted regions.

Abstract: Heavy metal pollution of soil has become a main obstacle to the change of land use for the former industrial site. In order to know whether the manufacture activities of machining industry has effect on the nearby soil, 18 former industrial sites were selected and eight heavy metals including mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (Ar), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in soil were analyzed. The monitoring data was collected and analyzed by statistical methods. Besides, human influence degree and Nemerow Index were applied to assess the soil pollution. The result revealed that the average concentration of Hg, Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn were 0.12 mg/kg, 56.24 mg/kg, 4.86 mg/kg, 0.39 mg/kg, 184.32 mg/kg, 147.44 mg/kg, 46.84 mg/kg and 164.63 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn did not obey the normal distribution, however, As and Cd approximated normal.The soil was disturbed by the heavy metals produced in machining activities.

Abstract: A pot experiment was performed to study effects of application of metal rich sludge cocomposted with lime on soil physicochemical properties, ryegrass biomass and heavy metal uptake by ryegrass. The results show that application of sludge compost with (LSC) and without lime (SC) could increase the soil pH, and the organic matter, available N, P and K in soils, consequently, improve the growth of ryegrass. No significant differences were found in the plant growth between sludge composted with lime and without lime. Sludge compost rich in Zn and Cd resulted in two elementals accumulation in soil and plant. The content of Zn and Cd in ryegrass from LSC-treated soil was much lower than those from SC-treated soils at the same application rate. The results illustrated that lime was very effective in stabilizing Zn and Cd in compost. However, the fact that Cd in ryegrass from LSC treated soil was close to or even exceeded the guideline for the health standard of feed and food in China (GB 13078-2001) implied the limitation of liming in stabilization heavy metals in sludge.

Abstract: Manganese mine slag was the salvage in the course of manganese producing. Many matters shall be extracted by rain eluviation and then turn into the water and soil to pollute environment. The water content and extraction procedure toxicity of the manganese waste residue were studied. Combining solidification additive was used to process the manganese waste residue for the harmless disposal. The results showed that the contents of Manganese、Zinc、Chromium and Cadmium in the manganese waste slag exceeded the maximum of the Chinese Identification standard for hazardous wastes. The extraction procedure toxicity was effectively decreased by the harmless disposal when the proportion of cement and manganese in the whole mine slag was 60%, and the content of heavy metals in the leaching solution were under the standard. Hence, the method of cement solidification could control the pollution to the environment effectively.

Abstract: Brownfield, as a result of old and polluting industries being relocated away from urban areas, is an emerging problem since these contaminated lands pose and obstacle to urban and economic development. Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are common contaminants found in brownfield sites that used to be manufacturing industries or agrochemical plants. Chemical oxidation has the potential to provide rapid, cost-effective treatment for brownfield contaminated with SVOCs. In this study, a pilot study of chemical oxidation was demonstrated for brownfield remediation in a specific site that used to be an agrochemical plant in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. Preliminary site characterization suggested that the site was primarily contaminated by o-anisidine and its derivatives with trace amount of o-nitrochlorobenzene and other chemicals. The contaminants soil was pretreated and mixed with two selected oxidants at different soil-to-oxidant ratio. Soil samples were collected and analyzed before and after the treatments to compare the concentration changes of primary contaminants. The results showed that combinations of TA-1 oxidant and AOP-2 oxidant with several different ratios could provide 90% or more removal of targeted contaminants in two weeks, with an average cost of oxidants per ton of soil around 400 RMB. This is the first report for brownfield remediation case study in Zhejiang since “Clean Soil Action” was initiated by Zhejiang Provincial Government. The successful treatment for SVOCs contaminated brownfield in this study would promote chemical oxidation treatment to be employed in brownfield sites with similar situations in Zhejiang province in the future.

Abstract: The occurrence and the development mechanism of one small slide at a tailing pond slope at the Taihang mountain is analysed with the comprehensive exploration methods such as engineering geophysical prospecting and geological prospecting etc. It is brought forward that the small slide is a shallow layer crushed stone slide with the type of drawing – enlarging outside. The vertical prestressed anchor retaining earth wall is applied for correcting the slide with the economical and feasible correction principle. This method depends on the vertical prestressed force, pressed on the earth wall body which is made by the anchor in the foundation, to balance the sliding force of the slide mass. This method reaches the purpose of decreasing the masonry and the engineering price. The design thinking of the vertical prestressed anchor retaining earth wall is analyzed in details the construction technology and technique essentials is introduced in this paper. The efficiency of the method is indicated by its well correction result. This technique can offer reference for the similar geological disaster correction.

Abstract: The influence of Cu²⁺ with different concentrations on the growth condition as well as the antioxidant system of Juncus effuses under low temperature has been analyzed through employing the hydroponic culture in this paper. The experimental results have shown that the Cu²⁺ can inhibit the SOD activity of Juncus effuses under the low temperature in the early stage of experiment, but it can promote the SOD activity of plants in the later stages of experiment. At the same time, the promotion of 30mg·L^-1 is stronger than the one of 60mg·L^-1. In the beginning of the experiment, the Cu²⁺ does not significantly affect the POD activity of plants. However, it can greatly improve the POD activity in later experiment and the promotion of low concentrations is stronger than the one of high concentrations. During the experiment, the activity of CAT enzyme can be promoted by the Cu²⁺ with low concentrations. But the Cu²⁺ with high concentrations will inhibit it at first and then promote it. What’s more, the promotion of Cu²⁺ with high concentrations is more effective than the one of Cu²⁺ with low concentrations. The experimental results have shown that the Juncus effuses can enhance the ability of resisting the heavy metal stress as well as improve the stress resistance of plants through adjusting the activities of oxidizing enzyme under the low temperature.

Abstract: The ecosystem structure and functions of the manganese ore lands have been severely degraded. In order to attain the purpose of ecological recovery and landscape restoration, this paper first summarizes the characteristics of the manganese ore lands and the current status on the restoration, then lists the species of indigenous plants that apply to the restoration of the manganese ore lands by starting with vegetation restoration from the perspective of landscape, and finally elaborates the application of indigenous plants in different arrangement modes.

Abstract: Shaanxi has the rich cultural resources, in the process of development of the cultural industry has an exceptional advantage. Yet the low degree of creative culture industry, industrialization is low, the overall strength of the present situation of shaanxi province relatively weak,to improve the cultural industry policy,deepen the reform of the cultural system,make their own features culture brand, establish industrial cluster and dedicated to culture of creative talents, to achieve the shaanxi province from the cultural resources for cultural resources strong province the great-leap-forward development.