Advanced Materials Research Vol. 422

Abstract: Hydraulic confined piston engine (HCPE) is a new type power system for vehicle and other moving equipments. The state equations of working process considering the coupling of fluid, solid and gas were constructed, and the initial solving conditions were given also. They were validated by test. Through simulation, the angular velocity of crankshaft has obvious pulsation in one working cycle; the fluid pressure in pump cylinder shows phase step at switching moment of inlet and outlet valve. Compared with traditional internal combustion engine driving plunger pump system, HCPE’s fuel consumption improves by 12%～42.78%, effective thermal efficiency by 13.63%～74.75%, running unevenness by 4.66%～15.57%, output pressure by 15.21%～76.61% and output flow by 0.69%～2.13%.

Abstract: In order to understand the effect of laundering by detergent containing bleaches on cotton fabrics, two detergents with and without bleaches were used during laundering, and the changes in structures and properties of cotton fabrics were investigated after laundering. The structure of the cotton before and after laundering was evaluated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field scanning electron microscopy (FSEM). Meanwhile, the tensile strength, copper number and dyeing properties of cotton fabric have been studied for evaluating the chemical damage. The results showed that the damage of fabric laundering by detergents containing bleaches is more serious than that by detergents without bleaches. FTIR and copper number results revealed that the C-6 hydroxyl groups of the glucose repeating unit of cellulose were oxidized. XRD, FSEM and dyeing results indicated that the cotton fabrics have been damaged during laundering with detergents containing bleaches.

Abstract: Bei'an to Heihe highway is being widen to expressway at present in Heilongjiang province, some sections are located in ancient landslide bodies, influenced by the landform, rainfall, freeze thawing and anthropogenic factors, are in unstable states, bring great difficulties to construction. Took the Bei'an to Heihe expressway expansion project K177 landslide as the research object, employed the field investigation, geological drilling, field monitoring, indoor experiment and numerical simulation methods to carry an integrated study on the formation mechanism of the landslide. The research results show that: topographical, geological conditions and the water content change of slope rock and soil is the main reason causing landslide; atmospheric precipitation, seasonal freezing and thawing of the shallow soil and the island permafrost which scattered in the mountain valley melting provide a continued water source for landslide, thermal contraction cracks of slope surface and high permeability of surface rock and soil provide passage for water infiltrating, completely weathered mudstone above the aquifuge which is influenced by infiltration water to be soften forms rupture surface.

Abstract: This paper primarily focuses on the analysis on the mixed-phase aiming at obtaining the temperature distribution, the regular of velocity and pressure changes of the dryer. The authors took advantage of the software of the Fluent to establish the model and then simulate the mixed-phase model. Through the analysis, the parameters of the dryer can be figured out. The paper also analyses trajectory of particle in the dryer according to the simulation of the discrete phase. The conclusion of this paper provides the basis for the better understanding the drying mechanism and optimization of the structure design.

Abstract: The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production in greenhouse-grown reacted an important on vegetable supply. An experiment was conducted, during the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 cropping seasons, November 2001 to the early July 2002 in the first season, and October 2002 to early July 2003 in the second season, in a solar greenhouse on the Loess Plateau in Yan’an, Shaanxi, Northwest China, to study the root characteristics, growth and fruit yield of cucumber as affected by growing in soils that have been continuously cropped cucumbers for 0, 1, 4, and 8 years. The results showed that the number of cucumber roots, root length, root dry weight, plant height, and leaf number decreased, but root diameter increased as the duration of continuous cropping increased. The fresh fruit productivity was the highest on the soil with 1year cropping history and decreased as the duration of continuous cropping increased to 4 years or more. Root number, root length, and root weight were correlated positively with yield whereas root diameter was correlated negatively with yield. The results emphasized the point that 4 years duration of continuous cropping is an important warning time for greenhouse cucumber production. If the duration of continuous cropping was beyond 4 years, poor root growth and decrease in yield of the cucumber would start appearing. In order to promote root development and increase fruit productivity, beyond 4 years of continuous cropping should be avoided in cucumber production management.

Abstract: This paper discusses the problems of identifying external loads of multibucket machines for mechanization. External loads are dominantly dynamic with distinguished stochasticity in certain cases. The paper presents the procedures for determining external loads caused by resistance-to-excavation (for bucket wheel excavators) or grabbing soil (for bridge-type coal stacker-reclaimers), as well as a short description of the model upon which is based and defined the response of the stacker-reclaimer to the external changeable load. It points to the significance of the problem of identifying the external load, as well as to the potentially very detrimental and dangerous consequences of eventual shortcomings during solving the mentioned problem.

Abstract: With the coming rush of population aging and the termination of the demographic dividend, the question on the extension of the legal retirement age is becoming a hot topic in the community. This paper analyzes factors affecting retirement age，such　as demographic dividend, life expectancy, years of education per capita, supply and demand situation in labor market. From these factors, reasonable quantitative reference standards can be introduced.

Abstract: Abstract:Since the Wenchuan earthquake happened, the slope stability had been paid much more attention. The safety factor is an important parameter that can be used to evaluate the stability of slope. The pseudo-static method that based on limit equilibrium and the method of numerical simulation can calculate the safety factor accurately, but the velocity that gets the result is slow. If we can establish the relationship between safety factor and some other parameters, then we can calculate the safety factor by using the relationship more quickly. This paper establishes much relationship, such as the relationship between the rock mechanics parameters and the average danymic safety factor, the relationship between the rock mechanics parameters and the ratio of average danymic safety factor to static safety factor, the relationship between the rock mechanics parameters and the average earthquake acceleration coefficient, the relationship between the average earthquake acceleration coefficient and the ratio of average danymic safety factor to static safety factor, and the relationship between the earthquake acceleration coefficient and the ratio of danymic safety factor to static safety factor on the condition of different rock mass.

Abstract: A simple box girder bridge with spans 25m is being constructed on the No.2 road of a project of PanZhiHua Steel. A Bailey trussed girder is constructed under the bridge to assist its construction. The paper makes spatial finite element analysis about the Bailey trussed girder. Firstly, the spatial finite element model is built. Then the force, stress and displacement of the girder under six box girders’ self weigh and the construction load are analyzed in detail. Lastly, the construction scheme is optimized. After optimization, all indexes of Bailey trussed girder can meet code requirement.

Abstract: Pressure-exchange ejector is a novel device which can transfer energy between fluids by pressure waves, so the pressure of each port is very important. A prototype was designed and the experiment system was set up. The performance of pressure-exchange ejector at different overall pressure ratio and outlet pressure was investigated. Results showed that the entrainment ratio of pressure-exchange ejector reduced with larger pM, while the overall isotropic efficiency tended to go up with increasing outlet pressure pM and then falled down. Higher efficiency could be obtained when the outlet pressure was close to the average pressure of the channel after a cycle. Besides, the efficiency of pressure-exchange ejector decreased as the overall pressure ratio increasing. The maximum efficiency was about 60% when pH/pL=1.5, while for pH/pL=2.0, the maximum efficiency reduced by 15%. However this value was also much higher than that of the steady flow ejector. The excellent performance makes pressure-exchange ejector a promising device for natural gas exploitation.