Advanced Materials Research Vols. 455-456

Abstract: This study observed the internalization of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with meso-2, -3-dimercaptosuccinnic acid (DMSA) into mouse macrophage RAW264.7 by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Prussian blue staining. The results showed that the DMSA-coated Fe₃O₄ MNPs could be efficiently internalized into RAW264.7 cells. The internalized DMSA-coated Fe₃O₄ MNPs located in the cytoplasmic inclusions. The internalization of DMSA-coated Fe₃O₄ MNPs did not significantly affect the cell viability at given doses (20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 μg/mL) and incubation times (2, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours), suggesting DMSA-coated Fe₃O₄ MNPs had better biocompatibility. This study demonstrated that DMSA-coated Fe₃O₄ MNPs may provide a potential nanomaterial for biomedical applications.

Abstract: The electrodialysis mehtod was used to treat waste phosphoric acid containing Al and Mo ions in this study. The feasibility study of elctrodialysis for treatment of the waste phosphoric acid containing metal ions was investigated. The voltage, solution concentration and feed temperature mainly affect electrodialysis of the phosphoric acid containing Al and Mo ions. Higher voltage and feed temperature are beneficial for desalination of Al and Mo ions. At least, 30% of Al ions and 7% of Mo ions can be removed from the phosphoric acid by using the CMX/AMX, CM1/AM1 and CMX-SB/ACS ion-exchange membranes. An electrodialysis process seems to be a promising process to treat waste phosphoric acid containing Al and Mo ions.

Abstract: Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) is an important technology for the separation and analysis of complex samples. Liquiritin, an important active component in licorice, was chosen as the target compound and it was separated by three kinds of off-line 2DLC, i.e. size exclusion chromatography × reversed phase chromatography, normal phase × reversed phase chromatography and reversed phase chromatography × reversed phase chromatography (SEC×RP, NP×RP and RP×RP). The chromatographic conditions were selected and the 2D systems were combined. The results show that it is feasible to separate Liquiritin from licorice extract using 2DLC. Among the 2D modes mentioned above, the highest purity of Liquiritin was obtained in the RP×RP mode, and the concentration of Liquiritin was increased most significantly in the NP×RP mode.

Abstract: A wash water recycling method is used in the preparation of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Based on the multiple-low-amount principle, a mathematical model and the equations of the washing process have been formulated. The experimental data are very similar to the calculated values, which means that the model and equations can be used to design and optimize the practical process of wash water recycling. The recycling of wash water in this way results in a water-saving of above 80%.

Abstract: Two complexes L(MAcO)₂ (M=Cu, Zn) containing calix [4] arene ligand H₂L modified by salicylaldehyde acylhydrazone have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, MS(ESI), IR, UV-vis and fluorescence. Whereas L(ZnAcO)₂ exhibited an enhancement in fluorescence, the potentiality of H₂L acting as a Zn²⁺- selective fluorescence probe was investigated. Results showed that a good linearity (correlation coefficient 0.999) between fluorescence intensity and concentration of Zn²⁺ in range of 4.0×10^-6 mol·L^-1 ~ 4.0×10^-5 mol·L^-1 existed in H₂L solution of 1.0×10^-4 mol·L^-1. The minimum concentration at which H₂L could detect Zn²⁺ was 1.0 ×10^–6 mol·L^-1. Co-existence of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ would interfere the determination of Zn²⁺, but no influence by Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺.

Abstract: In order to improve energy utilization rate of biogas engine-driven heat pump (BEHP) systems for wastewater treatment plant, the exergy analysis is applied in this paper. The paper concludes the exergy losses and exergy efficiency of each equipment, and reveals the weak link of energy transformation of the whole system. According to the calculation of one example, the location of maximum exergy loss is the biogas engine-driven, while the location of minimum exergy efficiency is the compressor, which provides powerful theoretic references to improve and optimize BEHP systems for wastewater treatment plant.

Abstract: Switchgrass contains high content of cellulose which is suitable to enzymetically hydrolyze to glucose, and is a good potential biomass for biofuel production. The paper studied a kind (Alamo, CA993,CA992,Kanlow) switchgrass ball milled lignin structure using 13C NMR and 31P NMR. Both NMR lignin spectrums showed little difference of this switchgrass. Its extractive-free compositional components were also analyzed like acid insoluble lignin, acid soluble lignin, ash and carbohydrates separately. Its acid insoluble and soluble lignin contents were close to each other in the range of 21% and 2.5% respectively. Their carbohydrates are made mainly up of glucose and xylose, which fractions are around 52% to 40% based on the whole carbohydrates.

Abstract: This chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater is treated by the process of hybrid hydrolysis acidification technique (HHAT) with anaerobic-low DO condition and the hybrid aerobic bio-technology consisted of alternate-flow biological reactor (ABR) and two-way-flow biological aerated filter (TBAF). The micro aerobic technology was employed in the HHAT and showed its advantages in refractory organic wastewater treatment. The largest plant in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment at home was built. The practice shows that the organics can be greatly removed and the effluent can reach the First Grade Discharge Standard which can be reclaimed with advanced treatment. The performance indicates that the combined bio-technologies are stable in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

Abstract: With the development of the sugar industry, the molasses composition of sugar cane has changed greatly. Sugar cane molasses purity decreased, while the colloid and ash increased. In recent years, the deposits from the sugar cane molassesas hindered the operation in the alcohol distillation tower, and sometimes even blocked the whole process, leading to stop the distillation flow. This paper researched the components analysis of the sugar cane molasses stillage sediment in the alcohol production scale factors. It is helpful to illustrate the formation mechanism of the deposits from the sugar molassesas stillage. By the test of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with EDX and chemical analysis，we conclude that the main components of the deposits of molassesas is calcium sulfate, it also contains a small amount of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, silica and calcium carbonate et cetera.

Abstract: Seasonal variations of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were investigated within distribution systems of the Yangtze river treatment plant in Nanjing City (China).The investigation was based on one year sampling program, undertaken from the fall and winter of the year 2007 to the spring and summer of the year 2008. A multiple linear regression model was developed to predict THMs and HAAs concentrations in distribution water. Routinely measured parameters including free residual chlorine, ultraviolet light absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), temperature, pH and NH3-N in distribution water was used to develop the model for the prediction of THMs and HAAs. The developed models provided satisfactory estimations of the concentrations of THMs and HAAs and the model regression coefficients of THMs and HAAs are 0.90 and 0.87, respectively. Further, the Durbin-Watson values confirm the reliability of the two models. The results indicate that variations of free residual chlorine, ultraviolet light absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), temperature, pH and NH3-N can described the formation of THMs and HAAs in distribution water by the multiple linear regression technique.