Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: Environmental risk assessment in the mining resources development has to be assessed in terms of sustainability gap in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Consequently, this paper attempts to predict the amount of environmental risk and the subsequent economic impact on Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. For this reason, this paper aims to find the patterns of environmental risk that will lead to efficiency improvement in the entire mining industry. Through this study, major environmental problems of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have been identified, and the environmental risk evaluation model and close value method is applied to the analysis of the environment of atmosphere, surface water, noise, surface destruction and coal wasting accumulation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results show that except noise, the environment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region faces significant pressure and need to be acknowledged. It is urgent to develop energy-saving and energy-harvesting technologies for mining industrial sectors in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Abstract: Phosphorus sorption capacity of the surficial sediments are estimated by the phosphorus sorption index (PSI) and the degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) of the sediments in the Dongping Lake, China. In addition, the risk of potential phosphorus release was also analyzed. The results showed that PSI gradually increased from the middle and the east of the lake to the north and the south, which was fan-shaped. However, the variation tendency of DPS was contray to this of PSI. PSI was very significantly and positively correlated to iron (FeOX) extracted from sediment by ammonium oxalate. DPS was significantly and positively correlated to phosphorus (POX) extracted from sediment by ammonium oxalate. Additionally, the analysis of the phosphorus release risk index (RRI) indicated that the Dongping Lake might be in high potential eutrophication risk due to the release of phosphorus from the surfacial sediments.

Abstract: Since the ecological environment of southern and northern mountains in Lanzhou city, which is vulnerable and fragile, can’t meet the demands of urban landscaping naturally, it is required to enhance construction of ecological environment artificially. In allusion to the complication of decision support made in ecological environment construction, this paper propose a decision support mode for ecological environment construction which is comprised of decision support system and expert’s knowledge. Firstly, via carrying out the decision support system, a water conservancy scheme that contains two parts for southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou city is presented as below: 1. Collecting rainwater together used for environmental protection in the area where annual average rainfall exceeds in 400 mm. 2.Irrigating supplementally in the area where annual average rainfall below 400 mm (capacity of irrigation water equals to precipitation of 200 mm). Furthermore, by employing expert’s knowledge, a planning map of ecological environment construction for southern and northern mountains in Lanzhou city is demonstrated to assist decision makers.

Abstract: Along with the development of global warming, the commercial navigation of the Arctic route is getting even more likely, and the whole world is paying more and more attention to it. The analysis of the factors that affect the navigation environment together with the evaluation of the Arctic route’s navigation environment will have an important reference value for the further study of the Arctic route. Thus, based on the summarization of the status and the navigation accident statistics of the Arctic route, the paper establishes an evaluation index system and makes a preliminary evaluation of the Arctic route's navigation environment through a grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Since a lack of accurate data, the indexes' value is given by the expert grading method. Through analysis, we come to conclude that the hydrological factors, navigation aids and information factors are the main factors that affect the Arctic route's navigation environment. Besides, the sea ice concentration, icebreaker and navigation experience are individually the primary factors of the hydrological environment, navigation aids and information environment. As the North Pole goes warming, the hydrological environment will gradually transform, therefore, the navigation aids and information environment in the Arctic will gradually become the limiting factors of the Arctic route's navigation environment. The results of this paper can provide some beneficial reference for the utilization and supervision of the Arctic route.

Abstract: Ship wrecks in the sea has many dangerous to enviroment, especially there are fuel and oil in them. To protect sea enviroment and improve the removal of wreckage, the use of the commercialization can solve the problem, have a reality meaning for the high cost of salvaging problem. The thesis analyses the situation and problem of our wreck removal actuality, then introduce Bertrend game model of the market to illustrate competition of the removal work, which can reduce the cost of salvage , our government should actively support the development of dive salvaging and private enterprise and make them strong and better.

Abstract: Aiming at the problem being too complex for the present evaluation methods on lake eutrophication, a new method, triangle relational degree model was used to solve the complicated non-linear relation between the evaluation factors and water quality grade. The model was applied to evaluate the lake eutrophication and the results of the assessment are in concordance with other evaluation methods. Compared with the other evaluation method, this model is perfect, the evaluating result is more reasonable and its resolving power is higher. Thus, a simple and effective method is provided for lake eutrophication evaluation.

Abstract: The initial allocation of carbon emission permits is always a challenge in aggregate cap due to the conflicts between equity and efficiency. In this article, we introduce a two-stage optimization framework to allocate permits in which the first stage is for equity by maximizing weighted information entropy and the second for efficiency by minimizing the average yearly energy consumption per GDP for all emitters. The allocation of carbon emission permits of 30 provinces within China is chosen as a case study to illustrate the application of this framework. The results show that the two-stage optimization method can provide a profound insight for emission abatement with a focus on balance of equity and efficiency for the policy-makers, especially in Non-Annex I countries.

Abstract: Control units are the management districts for water environment management on river basin. The control unit zoning is the necessary process relating the watershed management to pollution discharge reducing. Control units for Liaohe river basin in Liaoning province were zoned and adjusted based on GIS technology. The control units were suggested to be classified into 5 first level control units, 56 secondary level control units and 97 third level control units. Meanwhile, the information system of control units for Liaohe river basin in Liaoning Province was designed and developed with GIS component technology, which could provide the decision support on the information management of control units, the protection of water resources, total amount control of pollutant, and scientific planning of water environment management for Liaohe river basin in Liaoning Province.

Abstract: Taking Songhuajiang River pollution accident as an example, the paper analyzes all aspects of damage for service industry and proposes the damage assessment methods. The economic losses are estimated finally.

Abstract: Liaohe Delta estuarine wetland is the largest estuarine wetland in northeast China, the article proposed eco-environmental evaluation indicators system for the wetland based on PSR model. By selecting indicators of pressure, state and response, we analyzed dynamic variations of the ecological environment and fragmentation status of the wetland. The results showed that the main pressure of the wetland is from agricultural production and urban expansion since 1988, which resulted in large-scale land reclamation, expansion of rice planting area and reduction of tidal flat areas. The internal structure and status of the wetland had experienced significant variations and the trend of fragmentation was evident. With negative effects of dwindling wetland resources, human-being’s reasonable response to the variations of wetland status should be in three aspects: scientific classification of functional zones, conversion of appropriate economic model and adjustment of the industrial structure. Thus achieve the coordination of ecological protection and industrial economic development.