Advanced Materials Research Vol. 531

Abstract: We present the surface microstructure of pearls in bionic materials investigated by means of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). We found that surface microstructure of pearls in bionic materials with superior luster and quality are built up by aragonite blocks with regular shape, such as around, polygon or diamond, while pearls high luster are composed of by spindly shaped blocks, and pearls with weak luster and quality are made of some undefined aragonite blocks. Clearly, the regular shaped aragonite blocks are the most idea blocks in crystallography for building high quality pearls. The study of surface microstructure pearl in bionic materials will be helpful for the development of bionic materials.

Abstract: The article aims at the engine oil acid and base value of Shenzhen LNG bus. We sample the vehicle new and replaced oil，test the quality indicators in determining the parameters of the engine oil，analyze the engine oil,s decreased rate of base value and acid value increment for determining the engine oil drain interval. In this paper, alkaline additives, impact on the performance of lubricating oil can be verified through a trial basis, and come to the actual lubricating oil using recommendations.

Abstract: Phthalocyanine sensitization nano-TiO2 have been successfully synthesized by controlling TiO2's nuclear growth and CoPcTs adsorption simultaneously via a hydrothermal way by using TiO₂, NaOH and CoPcTs as raw materials. XRD, BET, TG-DTA and FI-IR were used to characterize the features of the as-synthesized phthalocyanine sensitization TiO₂ nanowires. The results showed that anatase nano- TiO₂ with phthalocyanine sensitization have been prepared after heat treatment and cyanine materials are easily decomposed when the temperature above 450 °C; the specific surface area TiO₂ and phthalocyanine sensitization nano-TiO₂ is 42.2 m²/g and 110.5 m²/g, respectively. Methyl orange dyes were chosen to test the photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared sample in this experiment, and it found that the loading of 1% wt CoPcTs was the best.

Abstract: By graft copolymerization of calcium lignin sulphonate with acrylic acid and acrylamide,high water absorption and retention material was prepared. Effect of process parameters on graft copolymerization and sample properties was investigated by means of the single-factor method, and the microstructure of fracture surface of the water absorbent resin was analyzed by SEM. The result shows that: when mass percents of acrylic, acrylamide, calcium lignin sulphonate and crosslinking agent are 65.5%, 19.5%, 15%and 0.05%, respectively, and neutralization degree is 60% with 2h of initiation reaction time and 1.5h of crosslinking reaction time. The water absorption mean speed of material is up to 6g•g-1•h-1 and the highest water retention rate is up to 96.32%.The water absorption rate of material is up to 820g/g, and 0.9wt% NaCl solution absorption rate is up to 83g/g. The fracture surface of the water absorbent resin shows convexo-concave morphology which has lots of micropores.

Abstract: Ginkgo seeds were selected and used as experimental material to study protein compositions in ginkgo protein. Ginkgo protein was used as accessory to be added into flour to make bread. Effect of ginkgo protein on moisture content and hardness of bread were investigated. Experimental results showed that ginkgo protein contained water-soluble protein and salt-soluble protein which was 85.28 percents in total protein and contained small amounts of prolamin and alkali-soluble protein. The bread added with different ratios of ginkgo protein had higher moisture content and lower hardness. Therefore, adding appropriate amount of ginkgo protein could improve bread baking performances and bread shelf life.

Abstract: Melamine formaldehyde resin was synthetized and mixed with different concentrations of cellulose to obtain moulding compounds, and finally molded into melamine resin tableware. The influences of several factors like cellulose content, molding temperature, molding time, soaking medium and soaking time on the migration of residual melamine monomer and the surface morphology change were studied

Abstract: In pure titanium body, through the method of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on the surface of porous titanium dioxide film and study on factors of methyl orange in the light influence of catalytic degradation process, the results show that: with uv light for the source, pH value of 5, micro-arc oxidation voltage is 400 V, the catalytic activity of porous titanium dioxide film was the highest.

Abstract: Coal-based Activated carbon was modified by thermal and nitric acid treatment to adsorb phenol from aqueous solution. Boehm titration, point of zero charge ( pHPZC ) and X-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize activated carbons. Acid treatment leads to the increase of the content of surface oxygen, whereas thermal treatment causes the decrease of the content of surface oxygen.The surface characteristics of activated carbons have significant effect on phenol adsorption. The adsorption isotherms of phenol adsorption are described by Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption process is fitted well by the pseudo-second- order kinetics.

Abstract: The olivine LiMnPO₄ used as cathode materials was synthesized by the low combustion synthesis method, and modified by doping Y. Testing of X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),charge-discharge measurements was carried out for LiMnPO₄/C cathode materials and the modified materials. The synthesized materials doping by Y exhibited standard olivine structure, nano-sized particles, discharge capacity of 122.9mAh.g-1 and good cycling performance. These results indicated that less Y doping could improve electrochemical kinetics of lithium ion extraction/insertion and significantly enhanced electrochemical activity.

Abstract: Through a long-term experiment, the performance of membrane bioreactor(MBR) for contaminants removal and membrane fouling was investigated. The results demonstrated that the removal effect of COD and NH3-N by the MBR was better. The effluent COD and NH3-N were lower than 50mg/L and 4mg/L, respectively. The observation by using the scanning electronic microscope(SEM) presented at the beginning of membrane filtration, there was no fouling in the membrane pores. With the continuous operation of the MBR, foulants shaped like mud cakes appeared in the membrane poles. The increasing of MLSS(mixed liquor suspended solids) concentration in the bioreactor didn’t increase membrane fouling. During the 75 days of operation, MBR cleaning was carried out twice.