Advanced Materials Research Vols. 554-556

Abstract: Synthetic mechanism of sulfonated aliphatic series superplasticizer was analyzed in this paper, and the synthetic method and performance was summarized. It is suggested that we should pay attention to the research of introduce acid groups to graft and improve aliphatic series condensation compound in future, increase microwave method and pyrogen free method to synthesize aliphatic series superplasticizer, and try to use acetophenone as the material. The effect of water reducing ratio of SAF sulfonated aliphatic series superplasticizer by changing the sequence of feeding material, the type of sulfonating agent and the pH value of solution were contrast in the test.

Abstract: To determine an optimal G. lucidum strain, we made the production of mycelia biomass, EPS, IPS, IT, ET as indicators, among the five tested strains, the American G. lucidum was screened, and the production of mycelia biomass, EPS, IPS, IT, ET could reach 2.013g/100 ml, 11.2988 mg/100ml, 23.7800 mg/10ml, 45.5412 mg/100ml, 11.1417 mg/100ml, respectively. On the other hand, according to the screening of carbon and nitrogen sources as well as their concentration, the suitable carbon and nitrogen was 3% malt powder, 1.5% yeast extract. So we can use the fermentation culture for the following research, which was as follows：3% malt powder, 1.5%yeast extract, 0.3% KH2PO4, 0.15% MgSO4, 0.005% VB1.

Abstract: Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) protein extracted from BSG was hydrolyzed using Alcalase to produce BSG protein hydrolysate. BSG protein hydrolysate was fractionated by ultrafiltration to obtain brown color BSG peptides. Antioxidant activity of BSG peptides was analyzeded and compared with reduced glutathione (GSH). BSG peptides exhibited 50% of scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical with concentrations less than 0.8 mg/mL, 0.6 mg/mL and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively. The reducing power of BSG peptides was 0.70 at the concentration of 2.00 mg/mL. 86.30% of the total amount of the BSG peptides purified by gel permeation chromatography was below 2000 Da. Because of its antioxidant activity, stability, nutritive value and low cost, BSG peptides exerts a possibility to use in food or cosmetic products.

Abstract: Crude protein, total lipids, moisture, total ashes and selected mineral (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) content, fatty acid and amino acid composition were determined in the muscle tissue of three widely consumed fish species (sardine, anchovy and mackerel) obtained from Quanzhou of China. All fish species were high in protein (21.46%~22.75%), with total lipid and moisture content varied from 2.24% to 8.23% and from 69.7% to 74.9%, respectively, depending on the species. Total ash content range from 1.25%~1.63% but macrominerals content varied considerably with Mg content ranged from 470.24mg/100g to 687.45mg/100g and Ca levels ranged from 16.40mg/100g~109.22 mg/100g depending on the species. The most abundant microminerals were Fe and Zn followed by Cu and Mn. In all the three species, palmitic acid (28.44%~30.62%) was the predominant saturated fatty acid. Oleic acid (11.23%~22.15%) was the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. DHA was the main polyunsaturated fatty acids, followed by EPA. Sardine had the highest DHA (12.74%). Amino acid compositions were similar for the three species which were high in glutamate, lysine, leucine and aspartate and low in cysteine. Almost all amino acids content of anchovy were higher than other two species.

Abstract: In order to confirm the substitutability of palm oil for lard, the fatty acid composition and their distribution at the Sn-2 position of triglycerides in three kinds of palm oil products and five kinds of lard products were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. Palm oil has similar saturated fatty acids composition (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2) with lard, and has slightly lower unsaturated fatty acids content than lard. The Sn-2 position of palm oil is mainly distributed with unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1, C18:2), while the Sn-2 position of lard is mainly distributed with saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0), which is maybe the cause why palm oil is easier to be digested and absorbed than lard.

Abstract: Response surface methodology was used to optimize the preparation technology of resistant starch (RS) production by raw cowpea bean starch. In the first optimization step, single factor experiments designed was used to evaluate the influence of RS yield. The RS yield were influenced significantly by some factors of preparation RS, including the starch concentration, autoclaving time, pullulanase dosage and enzymolysis temperature. The others in the investigation scope had no significant influence on the RS production. In the last step, four main factors were further optimized using Box-Behnken designs and response surface analysis. The optimized conditions in the process of preparation RS were starch concentration as 29%, autoclaving time as 38min, pullulanase dosage as 4.0PUN/g, enzymolysis temperature as 60°C. In our optimal conditions, rather good RS yield was 23.52±0.15% and repeatability of the preparation process was good which was valuable in further production.

Abstract: The effects of thermal processing methods on antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) of black sesame seeds (BSS) were investigated. In this study, all samples were thermally processed by steaming, roasting and microwaving, and the effects on the levels of total phenolic content (TPC), tannins content (TC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also studied. The thermal processes applied in the present study were: steaming (80 kPa for 15 min and 30 min), roasting (160 °C for 5 min and 10 min) and microwaving (4 min and 8 min). The results showed that the steaming process led to significant (p oC for 10min. Despite the higher level of total phenolics and tannins content observed in roasted sample, roasted BSS extract showed the lowest antioxidant activity in DPPH (15.2%), ABTS (45.6%) and FRAP (110.0 10^-3mM Fe²⁺ /100 g). Steamed BSS at 80 kPa for 30 min exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, suggesting that steaming is the preferred thermal processing method to get better health-related quality of BSS products.

Abstract: Phytosterol has been shown to lower the serum cholesterol concentrations, but its low solubility in water restricts its application. In this study, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was used to improve the water-solubility of phytosterol. Phase solubility study pointed out the formation of 1:1 inclusion complexes between phytosterol and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. The initial dissolution rate was remarkedly improved in the first two minutes. The suitable solvent and temperature for complex formation was n-butanol and 40°C.

Abstract: A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace selenium (IV) is described, based on its catalytic effect on the reduction arsenazo III (AsA III) with sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) in a solution of 0.02 mol/L sulfuric acid and in the presence of cationic micellar media. The reaction rate is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of AsA III at 550 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of AsA III is proportional to the concentration of Se(IV) in the range 0.16–1.0 µg/L after a fixed time of 4–10 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.049 µg/L Se(IV). The influence of th e factors such as acidity, concentration of reactants, type and concentration of surfactants, reactive time, temperature and co-existing ions on the reaction is discussed. The optimum reaction conditions of reaction are established and some kinetic parameters are determined; the apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction is 59.51 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for eleven replicate determination of 0.02, and 0.01µg/25mL Se(IV) was 2.0 % and 2.4 %, respectively. Combined with sulphydryl dextrane gel (SDG) separation and enriching, the method has been successfully applied to the determination of Se (IV) in foodstuff and human hair samples with the relative standard deviation of 2.1 %–5.8 % and the recovery of 97.0 %–103.3 %, the results are in good agreement with those provided by ICP-AES method.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the influence of some process conditions on the microencapsulation of Gualou seed oil by spray drying. The results showed that the best parameters of microencapsulation were as follows: the ratio of arabic gum to maltodextrin was 1:1, and that of core material to wall material was 2:3; and the total solids content was 25%. The optimum spray drying conditions were that the air temperature of inlet was 180 °C, and that of outlet was 80 °C; the homogenizing pressure was 35MPa. The maximum microencapsulation efficiency was 86±0.95%.